case study on construction

Case Study: Successful Project Management in the Construction Industry

Project management is a critical component in the construction industry, where large-scale projects often involve multiple stakeholders, extensive budgets, and tight deadlines. This case study examines the successful project management of the “Skyline Towers” project, a high-rise residential development in an urban area. The project was lauded for its adherence to timelines, budget management, and quality standards, showcasing the effectiveness of robust project management practices.

Project Overview

Key Project Management Strategies

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• Stakeholder Engagement: Successful management of Skyline Towers involved active and continuous stakeholder engagement. Regular meetings were held with investors, city officials, contractors, and future residents to ensure transparency and address any concerns promptly. A dedicated stakeholder management plan helped in mapping out the interests and influence of all parties involved, facilitating smooth communication and collaboration.

• Resource Management: Effective resource management was crucial for the timely completion of Skyline Towers. The project manager ensured that the right resources, including skilled labor, materials, and equipment, were available as needed. A resource allocation plan was put in place to optimize the use of resources, avoid bottlenecks, and manage costs effectively.

Implementation and Results

The implementation phase of Skyline Towers saw the effective application of these project management strategies. The project management team utilized a combination of traditional and agile methodologies to stay adaptable to changes. This hybrid approach enabled them to maintain control over the project while remaining flexible to adjustments as needed.

As a result, Skyline Towers was completed two months ahead of schedule and within the allocated budget. The final product exceeded quality expectations, earning praise from stakeholders and future residents alike. The proactive risk management strategies ensured that potential disruptions were mitigated effectively, and resource optimization led to significant cost savings.

The Skyline Towers project stands as a testament to the power of effective project management in the construction industry. By employing comprehensive planning, active stakeholder engagement, robust risk management, efficient resource management, and stringent quality control, Urban Developments Inc. successfully delivered a complex project. This case study underscores the importance of these strategies in achieving project success and highlights the potential for these practices to be replicated in similar large-scale construction projects.

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Case Studies  

Below you will find case studies that demonstrate the 'whole building' process in facility design, construction and maintenance. Click on any arrow in a column to arrange the list in ascending or descending order.

Many case studies on the WBDG are past winners Beyond Green™ High-Performance Building and Community Awards sponsored by the National Institute of Building Sciences.

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How to Write Construction Case Studies

Construction case studies are one of the best kinds of text-based content you can add to your construction website, and they're also a great opportunity to share images of your projects or create a project gallery.

Let's take a closer look at how you can write construction case studies for your website, no matter what industry, sector or specialty you focus on.

1. Download Our Construction Case Study Template

We write case studies very often, and we've found a formula that works really well for information gathering. Download the free case study template on this page so you can organize your thoughts and put all the relevant information on one page.

Download Our Explainer Video Here

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2. Create Your Sections and Headings

When we write construction case studies, we usually work according to the same format, based on different headings and sections, which are usually:

• Project overview, which is a high-level summary of what you did during that project
• The problem or scope of work - every project is about solving a problem for a client, whether that's needing a new building for a specific purpose or expanding floor space during a renovation - this section should describe what the client needed to achieve
• The solution - describe how your company approached the problem and if there were any creative or innovative solutions used on the project
• Project budget - provide a brief description of the project budget and whether you came in under, on, or over budget, and don't forget to explain why!
• Project timeline - after money, one of the most important construction criteria is always time, so explain how you finished on time, or if you ran into challenges that affected timing, how you tackled them to minimize their impact
• Conclusion - wrap things up at the end by again highlighting the main successes on your project

It's important to note that case studies aren't all marketing and sales, and it's okay to admit there were challenges in your case study. Just make sure you also explain how you overcame those challenges.

3. Write Your Case Study

Once you've got your headings set up for your case study, it's time to get writing!

Case studies are intended for customers and end users, so they're usually not as technical as a white paper might be, but they tend to be a little more formal and less conversational than a blog post, so make sure your style and tone are based around that.

Like any other content you post on your website, you also need to ensure that you pay close attention to spelling and grammar as well as the flow of the piece. Try to use shorter sentences, avoid too much jargon, and don't repeat words if you can avoid it.

Use a proofing tool like Grammarly to double-check your case study before you publish it.

4. Optimize It

Case studies are fantastic for construction company content marketing because they usually contain location information, which is good for local SEO, but they are also a fantastic opportunity to include keywords and phrases on your website.

You can also link to service pages on your website from your case studies, and don't forget to add metadata and keywords when you publish your case study.

Download Our Case Study Template Here

Construction case study template pdf, before download..., construction case study template word.

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What is a Case Study?

A case study is an account of an activity, event, or problem that contains a real or hypothetical situation and includes complexities you would encounter in the workplace. Case studies are used to help you see how the complexities of real life influence decisions.

This may take the form of a historical case study which analyzes the causes and consequences of a situation and discusses the lessons learned. 

Other types of case studies imagine or role play to make plausible recommendations to senior management. Some case studies attempt to solve a problem by developing a new design. These types of case studies are problem-oriented .

Why use a Case Study?

Case studies expose you to real-life examples of situations that you may deal with, or not otherwise experience – if you come across something only once in your career, you’re learning on the fly. Case studies allow you to:

• Explore the nature of a problem and circumstances that affect a solution
• Learn about others' viewpoints and how they may be taken into account
• Define your priorities and make your own decisions to solve a similar problem
• Predict outcomes and consequences

If you’ve seen something similar in a case study, you’ve got something to look back on. Case studies also let you lay out all the information from hindsight , including the stuff that might not be obvious in the moment, but is there if you know to look for it and ask the right questions. You can put yourself in the shoes of the various decision makers and consider what blind spots you might have in a similar situation.

They can also promote creative thought . Some readers may have a similar situation but have never considered the solution that worked in the case study. Other readers may find that the ultimate solution in the case study won't work for them, but the trial and error solutions discarded in the case study may provide guidance about a path that will work. Finding out what other people did isn't just a "how to" to fix something. It's a "how to" in ways to address a problem .

Case studies demonstrate the complexity and messiness of real situations , and the reality that any decision to be made has to be made with incomplete information.

In other words: They are NOT clean sanitized homework problems or simple examples that have a single easy answer. They are real situations with real ethical dilemmas that may or may not have been dealt with properly in the past. They provide you (the students) to delve into the nasty, twisted, complicated reality of ethical dilemmas and hopefully come out with a healthy respect that decision makers in ethical situations don't always have a quick simple answer but are caught in a dilemma and they try to do the best they can in spite of the situation. You can not get this experience any other way short of placing you into an actual ethical dilemma, which ironically would be unethical for us to do to you.

How to Find a Case Study

1. Experiment with searching "case study"

Don't rely on searching just for "case studies," but sometimes it can be a good way to narrow down your results. While some writers and researchers will include the actual phrase "case study" in the title of their report, many don't! Some databases have a filter for Case Studies (just like some have filters for peer-reviewed journal articles, full text, or date range), so look around to see if there's a check box to limit your search that way.

2. Combine different articles

If you're looking for something really niche or specific, you may have to read several articles and then take what you learn from each and merge them together. For example, look for articles on construction of your particular situation, look for synonyms, and do some more searches to get enough information.

3. Try different databases

Different databases have different content from magazines, journals, etc. So if you're not finding what you need in one of them, don't just spin your wheels! Try another one. Check out the list of engineering and interdisciplinary databases below.

4. Try journals directly

If you skip a database and head straight to a relevant journal, you might be able to find information more quickly. That's because journals are typically about a very specific topic.

• Though discontinued in 2018, this open access journal contains case studies regarding engineering failures.
• Case Studies in Construction Materials
• Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
• Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering
• Published by the National Academy of Engineering, this journal often features articles dealing with the responsible practice of engineering and current case studies.

5. Try some more resources outside of Cline Library

Consider searching the internet for companies that have been involved in actual projects to find case studies. Actual projects that have been done for a given city or municipality might have their supporting documentation freely available on their websites. And don't be afraid of Wikipedia! It's easy to search and get a brief overview of a case study. However, don't use Wikipedia itself as your source - scroll down to the bottom of the article and use the sources under "References."

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Case Studies

At Morgan Sindall Construction, our purpose is to create inspiring places that enhance the communities in which we all live, learn, work, play, care and protect.

Take a look at the case studies of just some of the projects our teams have delivered for our customers.

Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham

Collaborative Teaching Laboratory

Highfields Spencer Academy

Enterprise Centre, University of East Anglia

Potteries Museum and Art Gallery

Barbara Hepworth Building (School of Art & Design)

Named after local Wakefield-born sculptor, Barbara Hepworth, the new building has allowed the University of Huddersfield’s Art, Design and Architecture Schools to be housed in one creative and technologically advanced hub.

Lambeth Town Hall

The ‘Your New Town Hall’ project has rejuvenated Lambeth’s historic Grade II-listed, Edwardian town hall, driven by the Council’s ambition to provide a modern, energy efficient worksplace while increasing public access and community use.

Woodside & Gorbals Health & Care Centres

Morgan Sindall Construction delivered two brand-new primary care facilities to modernise the services available to patients in the Glasgow and Clyde area.

Theatre extension and refurbishment, James Padget Hospital

In response to population growth and increased operation numbers, the James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust commissioned the extension and refurbishment of its theatre complex at the James Paget Hospital in Great Yarmouth.

Hackney Britannia project

55 Colmore Row

Healthcare Construction & Operations

A Case Study in Construction Cost and Schedule Challenges

The original objective was to relocate Coler-Goldwater Specialty Hospital and Nursing Facility (later renamed to Henry J. Carter Specialty Hospital and Nursing Facility) from Manhattan’s Roosevelt Island to the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. The $285 million project would be divided into two projects: renovating 270,000 square feet of the former North General Hospital in Harlem and building 185,000 square feet of space next door to accommodate a new, 164-bed nursing facility.

“We started schematic design and realized quickly that Mayor Bloomberg had announced that Cornell University and its partner, the Techion-Israel Institute of Technology, were going to be awarded an applied sciences technology school,” said Marsha Whitt, principal at Array Architects, based in King of Prussia, Pa., and project manager for the Henry J. Carter facility.

The technology school was set to build on the same Roosevelt Island site where the Coler-Goldwater hospital was located. The only problem was that the hospital needed to be demolished — quickly. The expedited demolition date moved the completion and patient-move date for Henry J. Carter up to November 2013 and shrank the schedule by 16 months.

“That’s when we had to back up and relook at the project and look at how we were going to approach it. How long was design going take? How long was construction going to take? How were the design team and the construction managers going to work together to meet these accelerated deadlines?” Whitt said.

A new time frame wiped out the design-development process. The solution was to regroup and implement integrated project delivery (IPD) strategies and a collocation system. Array went straight from schematic design to construction documents. This forced the project’s construction manager, Gilbane McKissack (a joint venture between Providence, R.I.-based Gilbane and Nashville, Tenn.-based McKissack & McKissack) to start looking at how they could quickly get resources on-site.

All stakeholders involved in the development process came together in full-team meetings. The strategy united the design team, construction manager and hospital owner in one location, and the collaboration accelerated the decision-making. Additionally, performance incentives that included shared cost and schedule metrics for both the contractor and design team helped to maintain the team effort.

“You’re joined at the hip by money, but since we were collocated, we put that piece aside and started to work as a cohesive team; we were all working toward the same goal,” Whitt said.

One critical component of adjusting to the tighter schedule involved dividing the two projects into multiple bid packages, which helped speed up information delivery, contract award and start of construction.

“Traditionally you may have a site package, an exterior package and a fit-out package. On this, we ended up with 20 packages because we broke it out by what could be purchased and when to get it on-site and get it installed,” Whitt said.

The client, contractor and design team worked side-by-side to review and approve packages. That process helped with getting parts of construction completed earlier — things such as elevators, major medical equipment and the mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP).

Just when the process was starting to go smoothly, the development process for the hospital and new nursing facility hit a new obstacle — Hurricane Sandy. Luckily, the Harlem site was not flooded, but it prompted a review of storm and flood elevations for the facilities. The project team included additional equipment protection and elevated electrical equipment on higher pads.

The Henry J. Carter Specialty Hospital and Nursing Facility opened on time, and Array is now involved in “Day 2” revisions, assessing what else is needed — or needs to be adjusted — after occupant move-in.

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Cases in Contemporary Construction

As the final component in the required sequence of technology courses, this professionally-oriented course develops an integral understanding of the design and construction of buildings and their related technologies: structural, constructional, and environmental. Building on fundamentals covered in GSD 6123: Construction Systems, the course looks in detail at examples of innovative construction techniques in wood, steel, and concrete structures. Building design and construction will be evaluated within the context in which technological innovation takes place by exploring the relationship of the principal project participants, such as designers, contractors, building product manufacturers, and the owner(s). On this, the course will introduce the fundamentals of managing design and construction projects as well as the principal project delivery methods and scheduling techniques. Aspects such as risk management and environmental and social impacts on projects will be introduced, as well as topics related to facilitating innovation and developing talent.

Class meetings concentrate on case studies of recent buildings, which students are expected to study prior to class meetings. Each main course theme will be introduced by a lecture, and certain cases may have participants from the project team as guest speakers. Detail drawings as well as issues of project and construction management are introduced for discussion. Computer applications on structures, construction, environmental control systems, and techniques and decision-making frameworks on managing projects and teams are an integral part of the course.

Prerequisites: GSD 6123, 6125, and 6229, or equivalent.

Case studies

Worker engagement initiative, managing occupational health risks in construction, falls from vehicles.

These case demonstrate different aspects of good practice in worker engagement in health and safety in the construction industry.

• AMEC/Welsh Water Asset Management Alliance
• Rok building
• Bovis Lend Lease Ltd
• Heyrod Construction
• Barhale Construction
• Clugston Construction
• Channel Tunnel Rail Link
• British Nuclear Group Sellafield Ltd / AMEC Alliance
• Allison Homes Eastern Ltd
• Alfred McAlpine Street Lighting
• Heathrow Terminal 5 Project
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• COH01 Reduce bending to materials
• COH02 Using mast climbers
• COH03 Keeping materials dry
• COH04 Trench blocks with handholds
• COH05 Reduce plasterboard manual handling
• COH06 Manual pallet trucks
• COH07 Window installation device
• COH14 Using plastic kerb for the A2/A282 Dartford improvement scheme

These case studies give examples of good practice from industry. They show how companies have tried to reduce injuries due to falls from vehicles through sensible management of health and safety risks in the workplace. Even if they don't show the type of vehicle you use, the good ideas others have found may be adapted to your situation.

• Warburtons change vehicles to reduce accidents (links to the National Archives)
• MultiServ reduce the risk of slips and trips (links to the National Archives)
• 3663 First for Foodservice (links to the National Archives)
• Morrisons make it safer for their drivers and fitters (links to the National Archives)
• Shanks Waste Management Ltd (links to the National Archives)
• Balfour Beatty and Billingtons join forces for safer sites (links to the National Archives)
• Balfour Beatty saves time and increases safety (links to the National Archives)
• Shepherd Group's solution to working at height (links to the National Archives)
• Milbank Trucks reduce the risks of falls from vehicles (links to the National Archives)
• Bovis Lend Lease and William Hare Ltd working together (links to the National Archives)
• Wickes makes home improvements (links to the National Archives)
• Travis Perkins - building safer deliveries (links to the National Archives)
• Select improve access to flat-bed trailers and rigid vehicles (links to the National Archives)

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Improving construction productivity

The McKinsey Global Institute (MGI’s) Reinventing construction: A route to higher productivity  report, released in February 2017, found that the construction industry has an intractable productivity problem. While sectors such as retail and manufacturing have reinvented themselves, construction seems stuck in a time warp. Global labor-productivity growth in construction has averaged only 1 percent a year over the past two decades, compared with growth of 2.8 percent for the total world economy and 3.6 percent in manufacturing (exhibit).

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The report confirmed many reasons for this persistently poor performance, including stringent regulations and dependence on public-sector demand, informality and sometimes corruption, industry fragmentation, and mismatches in risk allocations and rewards. In addition, project owners reported that it can be hard to navigate the opaque construction marketplace—particularly when they do not frequently manage major projects. This struggle often results in subpar project management and execution, inadequate design processes, and underinvestment in skills development, R&D, and innovation.

Since February, we have discussed the findings with diverse stakeholders around the globe—in roundtables, our recent Global Infrastructure Initiative Summit , and more—and we have heard from nearly all that change is both needed and possible. There’s a sense that the industry is on the verge of disruption, and industry players are actively working on new approaches. How organizations are preparing to deal with the disruption varies greatly—though most recognize that failure to adapt could result in being left behind. To cope with disruptive pressures, some have taken incremental approaches to adopting best practices by establishing small, discrete programs. Others have created transformational agendas designed to work within the current confines of the industry. Still others are making significant strategic bets to radically restructure the value chain or establish manufacturing-like systems of mass production. It is unclear which approach will win in a given market segment—but understanding the challenge and the opportunity to address it is a crucial first step.

The construction sector has much to do

To disrupt its own way of thinking, working, and building, the construction industry can learn from successes in other industries, as well as from pockets of excellence within subsectors of the construction industry and around the world. Change is under way, but many approaches that have been discussed for years have yet to be adopted at the scale needed to transform the industry.

Abundant gains are at stake. MGI’s research found that if construction productivity were to catch up with that of the total economy—and it can—the sector’s value added would increase by an estimated $1.6 trillion, adding about 2 percent to the global economy. Such a gain is equivalent to about half of the world’s annual infrastructure need.

We identified seven ways that innovators are successfully addressing current market failures and improving productivity. With widespread adoption of all seven, we estimate that the sector’s productivity could increase by up to 60 percent.

1. Reshape regulation and raise transparency. Too often, regulatory complexities hinder productivity. At one roundtable, a participant noted, “Rules and regulations are the scar tissue for past transgressions. Just like scar tissue, they eventually limit what you can do.” Indeed, nontechnical risks, including political risks related to regulation and transparency, are often cited as proximate root causes behind poor outcomes, even more so than technical factors. Both government agencies and industrial companies can ensure robust nontechnical risk management programs are in place to help proactively manage nontechnical risks on their projects. Governments can help reshape regulatory environments by streamlining permitting and approvals processes, reducing informality and corruption, and encouraging transparency on cost and performance. Many governments also allocate grants for innovation and training.

As project owners, government agencies can also help encourage innovation and new approaches by prescribing means and methods of delivery or requiring use of certain technologies.

2. Rewire the contractual framework. Many in the industry shared case studies demonstrating that when interests are aligned and aimed at well-defined outcomes, projects are more likely to meet schedule and cost targets. To align interests, the industry must move away from the hostile contracting environment that characterizes many construction projects to a system focused on collaboration and problem solving. For example, procurement can be based on best value and past performance rather than cost alone, and contracts can incorporate performance and alignment incentives. To move toward best practice, alternative contracting models such as integrated project delivery (IPD) help build long-term collaborative relationships.

The issue of trust came up in many forums, and it will take time to build the level of trust needed to collaborate and transparently share data in a way needed for proper incentive structures. Yet owners were keen to start incorporating some aspects of IPD into their traditional models to increase focus on making the best choices for a project, encouraging innovation, and reducing variability. Managing those contracts will also require changes in behavior, attitudes, and skills.

Many owners, particularly in the industrial space, have adopted contracting frameworks that aim to transfer financial risk to contractors under transactional lump-sum contracting frameworks. At their worst, these structures often provide incentives for structural failure in the multistakeholder collaboration process. Companies would be better served by considering the full spectrum of options from purely transactional contracting to purely relational contracting. This deliberation will go a long way to ensuring a collaborative working approach is established at project inception.

3. Rethink design and engineering processes. There is a major opportunity to improve productivity by institutionalizing value engineering into the design process and pushing for repeatable design elements. Only 50 percent of MGI Construction Productivity Survey respondents said their firms currently have a standard design library. In asset classes such as deepwater oil and gas for which standardization might not be the panacea, the opportunity for parameter specification rather than individual company specifications is significant.

Nearly everyone we spoke with agreed that change will only be achieved if owners and contractors alike can shift mind-sets from custom scopes for each project to more standardization and repeatability. Building up libraries of optimized designs can support this undertaking.

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4. Improve procurement and supply-chain management. The construction sector ranks in the lower range of sophistication in McKinsey’s Global Purchasing Excellence Survey, suggesting ample room for improvement. A combination of best practices seen in other industries and innovative, digitally enabled approaches can improve reliability and predictability. Digitizing procurement and supply-chain work flows will enable more sophisticated logistics management and just-in-time delivery.

More strategically, owners, contractors, and material suppliers are also exploring ways to learn from industries such as automotive and aerospace when it comes to building longer-term supplier and subcontractor relationships.

In industrial companies, final investment decision (FID) is often a misnomer, as the decision tends to be a foregone conclusion given the incremental financial commitment that has already been made to procure long-lead-time stocks pre-FID. Supplier development programs that aim to reduce lead time through the application of lean supply techniques can help restore the integrity of FID and help owners avoid obsolescence issues.

5. Improve on-site execution. In our discussions, stakeholders voiced several challenges with on-site execution, including inconsistent use of best practices across all sites, projects, and staff, as well as difficulty finding and developing talented project managers. In addition, many struggled to identify and use hard data to baseline project (and project managers’) performance rather than anecdotes about the difficulty of a project.

To truly transform on-site execution, owners must implement change across all three aspects of a project: management systems, technical systems, and mind-sets. Four key approaches, though well known in the industry, have not been universally adopted. First, a rigorous planning process can help ensure activities are achieved on time and on budget. The use of integrated planning tools on a large-scale oil and gas project, for instance, achieved a 70 percent increase in the project’s productivity. Second, companies should agree on key performance indicators (KPIs) and use them at regular performance meetings. It is critical to complement common KPIs with forward-looking metrics to identify, and subsequently reduce, variance. Third, project owners can improve project mobilization by ensuring all prework, such as approvals, is completed prior to starting on-site work. Fourth, careful planning and coordination of different disciplines on-site, along with the application of lean principles, can reduce waste and variability.

6. Infuse digital technology, new materials, and advanced automation. Construction lags significantly behind other sectors  in its use of digital tools and is slow to adopt new materials, methods, and technology. Significant advances being deployed or prototyped today can transform the effectiveness and efficiency of construction in three areas: digital technologies, advanced materials, and construction automation. Digital technologies—from 5-D building information modeling to advanced analytics—have spread rapidly. Our survey revealed that more than 44 percent of respondents have adopted some type of digital technology, and planned adoption within the next three years is expected to reach 70 percent.

In our discussions, stakeholders voiced several challenges in deriving more value from digital tools, such as maintaining accuracy in transitioning to virtual models: today, frequently, there is no consistent “digital-twin” of a structure, but rather digital models are being printed for use with suppliers, who make changes and optimizations without feeding them back to the models, and there are substantial differences between as-built and plans that make optimizations in supply chains, work processes, and life cycle management difficult to capture.

Given constrained R&D funds, industry players are using pilot programs to test innovations while minimizing risk. In a few leading cases, owners and contractors are pooling resources to overcome capital constraints. The Crossrail Innovate portal, where owners and contractors share ideas, is one example of effective cross-industry innovation.

Technology alone will not address poor productivity. We heard nearly universally that a fundamental culture change is needed alongside adequate systems, processes, and buy-in from the field to embrace these solutions.

7. Reskill the workforce. Change cannot be achieved without investment in retooling a workforce that is undergoing major demographic shifts, from aging managers to increasing numbers of migrant laborers. Apprenticeship programs can train frontline workers in core skills that are currently underdeveloped, as well as in new technologies to help break seasonality and cyclicality, thus improving workforce stability.

Collaboration is key; funders, educators, and public officials who run workforce-training programs should collaborate with contractors and trades to ensure skills programs match the industry’s needs. Megaprojects should be seen as long-term catalysts to work with local workforce boards or nonprofits and develop regional training programs.

Global Infrastructure Initiative

Convening global leaders in infrastructure and capital projects in pursuit of new solutions

Beyond these seven ideas, parts of the industry could make a more radical change by moving toward a manufacturing-inspired mass-production system, in which the bulk of a construction project is built from prefabricated standardized components off-site in a factory. Such a system would negate most of the market failures that are currently holding back productivity; the experience of firms that are shifting in this direction suggests that a productivity boost of five to ten times is possible.

While stakeholders have mixed views on the experience of precast building parts from the 1950s and 1960s in terms of cost and building quality, many are building up new capabilities today based on different, lighter-weight materials that are easier to ship and integrating more complex sustainability aspects into prefabricated components such as solar technology, rainwater harvesting, and high-quality building insulation.

The time to act is now

The pressure to act is rising. Demand is soaring. The scale of players and projects is increasing, making a more productive system more viable. The price of productivity-enhancing technology is falling, making it more accessible. There is increasing transparency in the market, and disruptive entrants are bringing a new wave of competition and increasing the urgency of digitization.

After decades of stasis, the industry appears to recognize the pressures bearing down on it, and these forces are motivating owners and contractors to change. As pioneering organizations transform, they will create best practices that can be emulated across the industry. Players that don’t rethink their approaches may be left behind in what could be the world’s next great productivity story.

We intend to continue to collect case studies and best practices from across the globe, and we hope to share them with the Global Infrastructure Initiative community. Read the best ideas from the 2017 GII Summit .

Filipe Barbosa  is a senior partner in McKinsey’s Houston office, Jan Mischke  is a senior fellow at the McKinsey Global Institute and is based in the Zurich office, and Matthew Parsons  is a partner in the Philadelphia office.

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Bridging the gap: understanding bridge design and construction.

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Bridges are an essential part of many communities worldwide, and understanding the process of designing and constructing them is key to building safe and stable structures. The design and construction of bridges is a complex endeavor that requires a thorough knowledge of building materials, engineering principles, and the environment.

When it comes to bridge design, engineers must consider the purpose of the bridge, the environment it will be built in, the loads it will need to bear, and the potential environmental impacts of construction. The purpose of a bridge is to span a gap and provide safe passage for vehicles, pedestrians, and other forms of transportation. The environment and geography of the area where the bridge is being built must also be considered, as different materials and construction techniques are necessary for different climates, terrain, and water levels. The load capacity of a bridge is a critical factor in its design and must be accurately calculated to ensure the bridge can support the necessary weight without buckling.

In bridge construction, engineers must select the type most suitable for the location, using either a beam bridge, arch bridge, cable-stayed bridge, suspension bridge, or truss bridge. Each of these bridge types has its advantages and disadvantages, and the type of bridge design must be carefully selected to ensure the bridge is structurally sound and can carry the necessary loads. The steps of bridge construction include surveying the area, preparing a foundation, erecting the superstructure, installing the deck, and connecting the approaches.

The materials used to construct a bridge also play an important role in its design. Steel and concrete are the most commonly used materials. Still, they must be chosen based on their ability to withstand the extreme temperatures, wind, seismic activity, corrosion, and other environmental factors of the bridge's location. Additionally, bridge construction must follow certain safety regulations and standards, such as those set by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, to ensure the bridge can withstand the load it needs to carry.

Finally, bridges must be maintained and repaired over time to ensure their integrity and safety. Regular maintenance tasks such as cleaning, inspecting, and painting the bridge can help prevent damage and costly repairs. If repairs are needed, engineers must assess the cause of the damage and repair the bridge using the appropriate techniques.

This article will examine the bridge design and construction process, exploring the importance of proper design, materials, and maintenance.

Designing and Constructing a Bridge

Designing and constructing a bridge is an incredibly complex process requiring much technical knowledge and expertise. Engineers must carefully plan and design the bridge before any construction can begin to ensure its safety and structural integrity. The process begins with understanding the purpose of the bridge, the environment in which it will be built, and the load capacity it needs to withstand.

One of the most important aspects of bridge design is understanding the types of bridges available. Each type of bridge has requirements and specifications that must be considered to ensure safety and reliability. Common types of bridges include beam, truss, arch, cable-stayed, and suspension bridges. Each type of bridge has pros and cons, and choosing the type that best meets the project's needs is important.

Once the type of bridge has been selected, the engineers must then design the bridge. This includes creating a detailed plan of the bridge, accounting for the material types and construction methods used, and calculating the loads it will need to bear. Engineers also need to consider any environmental factors that could affect the bridge – for example, strong winds or earthquakes.

Once the design is complete, construction can begin. This involves assembling the bridge components at the construction site and securing them. This can be a labor-intensive process, as it often requires a team of workers to lift and position large and heavy pieces of steel, concrete, and other materials. The construction process must be carefully monitored to ensure the bridge is built correctly and by all regulations and safety standards.

Finally, once the bridge is complete, it requires regular maintenance and repair to ensure it remains in good condition and is safe to use. This includes routine inspections, replacing damaged materials and components, and adjusting the bridge to withstand changing environmental conditions.

Designing and constructing a bridge is no small feat – it requires a team of highly skilled professionals with expertise in both engineering and construction. By understanding the purpose of the bridge, the types of bridges available, and the steps required to design and construct one, engineers can ensure the bridge is safe, reliable, and built to the highest standards.

Materials and Standards

Regarding bridge design and construction, one of the most important considerations is the materials and standards used. The types of materials used to build bridges vary depending on the application and the environment they will be exposed to. For example, if the bridge is to be built in an area that experiences frequent flooding, steel, and concrete may be used to make the bridge more resistant to the effects of water. On the other hand, bridges built in mountainous regions may require stronger materials, such as aluminum or titanium.

Various regulations and standards have been established to ensure the safety of bridges. These regulations help to ensure that bridges are built to a certain level of strength and stability and are properly maintained over time. For example, in the United States, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) is responsible for creating and implementing bridge design and construction standards. These standards include the use of certain materials and the bridge's load capacity and structural integrity.

In addition to regulations and standards, it is also important to calculate the load capacity of a bridge. This is the amount of load the bridge can safely support, and the material properties and design determine it. For example, suppose the material used to build the bridge must be stronger to support the expected load. In that case, the bridge may fail, leading to serious structural damage or even collapse.

To ensure the safety of a bridge, engineers must consider all of these factors when designing and constructing a bridge. By considering the materials used, regulations and standards, and load capacity, engineers can ensure that a bridge is built to last and will not fail under the expected load. Ensuring bridges are designed and constructed to the highest standards, using only the best materials available, is important.

Environmental Impact

Building bridges can greatly impact the environment, both during the construction phase and in the long term. Many materials used in bridge design and construction, such as concrete and steel, require significant energy to manufacture, transport, and install. This process can also produce dust, noise, and carbon dioxide, contributing to global climate change.

The proper design and construction of bridges can help reduce these environmental impacts. Green bridge design and construction strategies use materials that require less energy, such as recycled steel or timber, and use renewable energy sources to power construction.

Using green materials and renewable energy sources can also help reduce the environmental impact of bridge maintenance and repairs. For example, recycled materials can replace worn or damaged bridge components, reducing the need to re-manufacture and transport new materials. Similarly, solar energy can power bridge lighting and other electrical systems, eliminating the need for constant energy consumption.

There are also many benefits to be gained from incorporating green designs into the construction of bridges. For example, green bridges often require less land and material to construct, reducing costs and construction time. Additionally, green bridges are more aesthetically pleasing, which helps to improve the overall look and feel of an area.

Finally, green bridge design and construction can help to reduce environmental impacts in the long term. Bridges built with renewable materials, such as timber or recycled steel, can last for decades and require minimal maintenance. This reduces the need for frequent repairs and replacements, a major source of environmental pollution. Additionally, green bridges often require less materials and energy than traditional bridges, reducing overall environmental impact.

In conclusion, building bridges in a green, sustainable way is an important part of reducing the environmental impact of bridge design and construction. Using renewable materials, employing renewable energy sources, and incorporating green designs into bridge construction can help ensure that bridges last for decades and require minimal maintenance. This can help reduce the global environmental impacts of bridge construction and reduce the costs and time associated with bridge maintenance and repairs.

Maintenance and Repairs

Keeping a bridge in good condition over its lifetime is essential to ensure that it is safe and reliable. Bridge maintenance and repairs provide an opportunity to improve performance and extend the structure's lifespan.

Regarding bridge maintenance, the primary focus is to prevent any potential issues that could lead to structural failure. This includes regular inspections and monitoring of the physical condition of the bridge, as well as testing for corrosion and ensuring that all components are functioning correctly. Regular maintenance will also help detect any bridge problems before they become too serious.

Repairs are necessary when a bridge has suffered damage that requires immediate attention. The most common reasons for needing repairs include corrosion, structural damage, and damage from natural disasters. Depending on the type of damage, a repair might involve replacing certain parts of the bridge, reinforcing the structure, or simply repairing the surface.

When it comes to the execution of repairs, it is important to use the right materials and techniques. It is also essential to consider the bridge's load capacity when performing repairs. By ensuring that the bridge can safely take the expected load, it is possible to avoid any potential future problems.

Routine maintenance tasks for bridges should include regular inspections, cleaning, and repairs. The inspection should cover the structure's condition, the bridge's deck and surface, and the guardrails. It is also important to check for any loose or deteriorated components, inspect the bridge for corrosion, and ensure that all mechanical components are functioning as intended.

In addition to regular inspections, bridges should be cleaned to ensure they remain structurally sound. This includes removing any dirt, debris, or vegetation that could lead to damage and corrosion. Regular cleaning also helps to keep the bridge visually appealing and can be a good way to reduce maintenance costs.

Regular maintenance and repairs make it possible to maintain a bridge's safety and reliability for many years. Furthermore, routine maintenance and repairs can help extend the structure's lifespan and reduce the costs associated with unexpected and costly repairs.

In conclusion, bridge design and construction is an intricate process that requires careful consideration of multiple factors. To ensure the safety of bridges and the people that use them, the design must be sound, and the construction process must adhere to the highest standards. Additionally, the environmental impact of bridges must be taken into account, and measures must be taken to reduce that impact. By understanding the principles of bridge design and construction, bridges can be built to serve us safely and reliably for generations to come.

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Susceptibility evaluation of highway landslide disasters based on SBAS-InSAR: a case study of S211 highway in Lanping County

• Original Paper
• Published: 12 September 2024

Cite this article

• Yimin Li 1 , 2 ,
• Peikun Ji 1 , 4 , 5 ,
• Shiyi Liu 1 , 6 ,
• Juanzhen Zhao 3 &
• Yiming Yang 1  

Evaluation of landslide susceptibility along highways is critical for risk management in engineering development, construction, and operation and maintenance. The research target is the S211 Highway in Lanping County, Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, with its buffer zone extending 10 km as the research area. Eight evaluation factors are selected for the study, including slope, slope aspect, vegetation coverage, distance from the water system, rock group, rainfall, distance from the fault, and elevation. The findings of the susceptibility evaluation were classified into five categories, and the susceptibility grades of landslide disasters in the study area were evaluated using the information value and logistic regression coupling model. The accuracy of the coupling model was evaluated by the ROC curve and AUC value. The deformation rate in the study area was estimated by processing 28 Sentinel-1 A satellite images captured from January to December 2019 using the SBAS-InSAR technology and was used to optimize the landslide susceptibility grade. The results show that the extremely high and high-risk areas of the information value-logistic regression coupling model account for 28.33% of the total area of the study area, which constitutes nearly 83.82% of the historical landslide disaster sites, mainly occupying areas along highways with low vegetation coverage and within 2000 m from rivers. The AUC values in the accuracy verification reach 0.843, indicating that the evaluation model can accurately predict the landslide susceptibility. The vulnerability grade of landslide geological disaster in the entire evaluation unit is significantly increased by optimizing the result of the surface deformation obtained by SBAS-InSAR technology. A total of 79,587 grid cells were added to the extremely high susceptibility level region. This technique may optimize the evaluation results of landslide hazard susceptibility and provide decision support for disaster prevention and maintenance along highways.

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Acknowledgements

The Author gratefully acknowledge the European Space Agency (ESA) for providing Sentinel-1 data. Also, we thank Li Yingying and Wu Bowen for their valuable comments and suggestions on this paper, which have helped to improve the manuscript.

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Numbers 41161070), the Geological Survey Project of China Geological Survey (Grant Numbers DD20190545), the Key project of the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department-Yunnan University Joint Fund (Grant Numbers 2019FY003017), and the Provincial Innovation Team for Climate Change Research in the Greater Mekong Subregion, Yunnan University (Grant Numbers 2019HC027).

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Yimin Li, Peikun Ji, Shiyi Liu & Yiming Yang

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Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China

Juanzhen Zhao

Basic Geological Survey Institute of Jiangxi Geological Survey and Exploration Institute, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China

Jiangxi Nonferrous Geological Mineral Exploration and Development Institute, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China

Hainan Ecological Environmental Geological Survey Institute, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China

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Yimin Li, Peikun Ji and Shiyi Liu conceived and designed the experiments. Material preparation and data collection were performed by Shiyi Liu, Juanzhen Zhao, and Yiming Yang. Peikun Ji performed the experiments. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Yimin Li and Peikun Ji. Also, all authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Li, Y., Ji, P., Liu, S. et al. Susceptibility evaluation of highway landslide disasters based on SBAS-InSAR: a case study of S211 highway in Lanping County. Nat Hazards (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06807-7

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06807-7

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Examining the relationship between road service quality and road traffic accidents: a case study on an expressway in Malaysia

Malaysia's economic prosperity is overshadowed by a concerning rate of 19 daily road fatalities. This study aimed to investigate road users' perceptions of road service quality (RSQ) and its association with road traffic accidents (RTAs) on an expressway in Malaysia. A questionnaire-based approach collected data from respondents comprising bikers, motorists, bus operators, and truck drivers. Descriptive analysis indicated that, except for motorcyclists, most road user groups rated the overall RSQ of the expressway as poor. Statistical analysis revealed significant variations in perceptions of road surface among road user categories. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive relationships between road surface, road drainage, road maintenance, and RTAs. No significant relationships were found between road furniture, rest areas, and RTAs. Multiple regression analysis revealed that road maintenance, road surface, and road drainage accounted for 7.6% of the variance in RTAs, highlighting their importance as predictors. The Relative Importance Index analysis identified ten influential factors on RTAs, including permanent wave, poor workmanship, water pounding, road settlement, repeated construction, invisible road markings, insufficient traffic signs, potholes and bumps, insufficient street lighting, and oily road surfaces. These findings provide policymakers with valuable insights to enhance road safety regulations and develop effective strategies for improving RSQ and reducing RTAs.

Author Biographies

Aniq asyranie zahidy, universiti teknologi petronas, malaysia.

Aniq Asyranie Zahidy is a civil engineering researcher. He has done this research as part of his MSc in civil engineering final research thesis in Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia.

CRediT contribution: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing.

Muslich Hartadi Sutanto, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia

Muslich Hartadi Sutanto is a civil engineering researcher and the Director of Technology Exploitation & Delivery at Universiti Teknologi Petronas.

CRediT contribution: Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing.

Shahryar Sorooshian, University of Gothenburg, Sweden | Saito University College, Malaysia

Shahryar Sorooshian is an industrial management researcher at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. He is also an honorary professor of Saito University College, Malaysia.

CRediT contribution: Writing—review & editing.

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Copyright (c) 2024 Aniq Asyranie Zahidy, Muslich Hartadi Sutanto, Shahryar Sorooshian

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