chemistry research

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Earthquakes May Forge Large Gold Nuggets

Scientists propose that large chunks of gold could form from earthquakes’ pressure

Kate Graham-Shaw

We Know the Origins of the Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs

New evidence points to a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer solar system as the culprit for Earth’s most recent mass extinction

Lee Billings

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The Remarkable Life of Chemistry Professor and Crime Buster Mary Louisa Willard

This chemistry professor helped police around the world solve arsons and homicides

Sarah Wyman, Carol Sutton Lewis, The Lost Women of Science Initiative

Atom-Thick Gold Coating Sparks Scientific ‘Goldene Rush’

Ultrathin gold was achieved with the help of a century-old sword-making technique

Rachel Nuwer

Your Tattoo Ink Might Contain Hidden Ingredients

Chemists are hard at work figuring out how to make tattoos last—and ensure they’re safe.

Rachel Feltman, Elah Feder, Fonda Mwangi

Chemists Finally Made a Compound Containing Mysterious Element Promethium

Promethium, one of the rarest and most mysterious elements in the periodic table, has finally given up some crucial chemical secrets

Mark Peplow, Nature magazine

How Do Whole-Body Deodorants Work, and Are They Safe?

A number of whole-body deodorants are coming to market. But are they safe and effective?

How Tobacco Companies Use Chemistry to Get around Menthol Bans

Regulating chemicals one-by-one has allowed the tobacco industry to skirt menthol bans by creating new additives with similar effects but unclear safety profiles

Julie B. Zimmerman, Hanno C. Erythropel, Tobias D. Muellers, Predrag V. Petrovic, Stephanie S. O’Malley, Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin, Sairam V. Jabba, Sven E. Jordt, Paul T. Anastas

This Paint Could Clean Both Itself and the Air

Recycled materials contribute to a pollutant-neutralizing paint

A Citrus-Scented Cannabis Compound Reduces Anxiety for Weed Users

New research into weed reveals how a lemon-scented terpene can ease anxiety without reducing the high.

Rachel Feltman, Allison Parshall, Alexa Lim

Like-Charge Particles Are Supposed to Repel—But Sometimes They Attract

Scientists think they’ve cracked the long-standing mystery of attraction among particles with a similar charge

Lori Youmshajekian

After Brewing Beer, Yeast Can Help Recycle Metals from E-waste

This beer-making by-product could offer a sustainable way to isolate metals for recycling electronic waste

Riis Williams

Chemistry News

Top headlines, latest headlines.

• Plant Proteins: Lubricant Alternative?
• Vaporizing Old Bags to Make New Plastics
• Starting a Fluorescent Biosensor Revolution
• Buildings and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• New Way to Tackle Marine Litter
• Synthesis of Sulfonyl Fluorides
• Finger Wrap for Health Monitoring
• Fungus-Controlled Robots
• 'Forever Chemical' Increasing in Groundwater
• Distinctive Behavior of Molten Uranium Salt

Earlier Headlines

Friday, august 30, 2024.

• Novel Chemical Tool Aims to Streamline Drug-Making Process
• Upcycling Excess Carbon Dioxide With Tiny Microbes

Thursday, August 29, 2024

• PFAS-Free Synthesis of Fluorinated Pharmaceutical and Agrochemical Compounds
• Getting the Stink out of Smoke-Tainted Wine
• New Chemical Tool for Infection Research: Visualizing the Sphingomyelin Metabolism

Wednesday, August 28, 2024

• Engineers Develop All-in-One Solution to Catch and Destroy 'forever Chemicals'
• Thermochromic Material Could Make Indoor Temperature Control More Energy-Efficient
• Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry to Study Fuel Chemistry
• Breaking Open the AI Black Box, Team Finds Key Chemistry for Solar Energy and Beyond

Tuesday, August 27, 2024

• Work Toward a Cleaner Way to Purify Critical Metals
• NREL Advances Method for Recyclable Wind Turbine Blades

Monday, August 26, 2024

• Scientists Use Evolution to Bioengineer New Pathways to Sustainable Energy, Pharmaceuticals
• Using Machine Learning to Speed Up Simulations of Irregularly Shaped Particles
• Controlling Molecular Electronics With Rigid, Ladder-Like Molecules

Thursday, August 22, 2024

• AI Tackles One of the Most Difficult Challenges in Quantum Chemistry
• Catalyst for 'one-Step' Conversion of Methane to Methanol

Wednesday, August 21, 2024

• First Visualization of Valence Electrons Reveals Fundamental Nature of Chemical Bonding
• Quality Control: Neatly Arranging Crystal Growth to Make Fine Thin Films
• Unlocking the Last Lanthanide
• Engineered Bacteria Make Thermally Stable Plastics Similar to Polystyrene and PET
• Enhancing Electron Transfer for Highly Efficient Upconversion OLEDs
• Extraterrestrial Chemistry With Earthbound Possibilities

Tuesday, August 20, 2024

• Molecular Wires With a Twist
• 'Molecular Compass' Points Way to Reduction of Animal Testing
• A New Reaction to Enhance Aromatic Ketone Use in Chemical Synthesis
• Scientists Harness Quantum Microprocessor Chips for Revolutionary Molecular Spectroscopy Simulation

Monday, August 19, 2024

• Development of a Model Capable of Predicting the Cycle Lives of High-Energy-Density Lithium-Metal Batteries
• Key Biofuel-Producing Microalga Believed to Be a Single Species Is Actually Three
• Morphable Materials: Researchers Coax Nanoparticles to Reconfigure Themselves
• Evidence Stacks Up for Poisonous Books Containing Toxic Dyes

Friday, August 16, 2024

• New Twist on Synthesis Technique Promises Sustainable Manufacturing
• Researchers Develop New Chemical Method to Enhance Drug Discovery
• Faster Than One Pixel at a Time -- New Imaging Method for Neutral Atomic Beam Microscopes Developed by Researchers
• New Research Shows Unprecedented Atmospheric Changes During May's Geomagnetic Superstorm
• Versatile Fluidic Platform for Programmable Liquid Processing

Thursday, August 15, 2024

• Research Provides a Roadmap for Improving Electrochemical Performance

Wednesday, August 14, 2024

• A Taste for Carbon Dioxide
• Smart Fabric Converts Body Heat Into Electricity
• A Method That Paves the Way for Improved Fuel Cell Vehicles
• Exploring the Structures of Xenon-Containing Crystallites

Tuesday, August 13, 2024

• Scientists Achieve More Than 98% Efficiency Removing Nanoplastics from Water
• Chemists Synthesize Plant-Derived Molecules That Hold Potential as Pharmaceuticals
• Halogen Bonding for Selective Electrochemical Separation, Path to Sustainable Chemical Processing Demonstrated
• Measuring Martian Winds With Sound
• Delivery Robots' Green Credentials Make Them More Attractive to Consumers

Monday, August 12, 2024

• Ships Now Spew Less Sulfur, but Warming Has Sped Up

Sunday, August 11, 2024

• New Mechanism to Cool Buildings While Saving Energy

Friday, August 9, 2024

• Pioneering Plasma-Catalytic Process for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol Under Ambient Conditions
• 3D Laser Printing With Bioinks from Microalgae
• New Technology Uses Light to Engrave Erasable 3D Images

Thursday, August 8, 2024

• Effective New Catalyst Brings Hope for Cleaner Energy, Wastewater Treatment, and Green Chemistry
• Chemists Develop New Sustainable Reaction for Creating Unique Molecular Building Blocks
• Artificial Compound Eye to Revolutionize Robotic Vision at Lower Cost but Higher Sensitivity
• Breakthrough in Molecular Control: New Bioinspired Double Helix With Switchable Chirality
• Finding Pearls in the Mud: Eco-Friendly Tungsten Recovery from Semiconductor Waste

Wednesday, August 7, 2024

• Forever Chemical Pollution Can Now Be Tracked
• Study on Planet-Warming Contrails 'a Spanner in the Works' For Aviation Industry
• New Device for on-the-Spot Water Testing

Tuesday, August 6, 2024

• Concept for Efficiency-Enhanced Noble-Metal Catalysts
• Advanced Chelators Offer Efficient and Eco-Friendly Rare Earth Element Recovery

Monday, August 5, 2024

• Engineers Develop General, High-Speed Technology to Model, Explain Catalytic Reactions

Friday, August 2, 2024

• Precise Package Delivery in Cells?

Thursday, August 1, 2024

• Sustainable Catalysts: Crystal Phase-Controlled Cobalt Nanoparticles for Hydrogenation
• Sustainable and Reversible 3D Printing Method Uses Minimal Ingredients and Steps
• Engineering Researchers Crack the Code to Boost Solar Cell Efficiency and Durability
• Breakthrough in Plant Disease: New Enzyme Could Lead to Anti-Bacterial Pesticides

Wednesday, July 31, 2024

• The Next Generation of RNA Chips

Tuesday, July 30, 2024

• Injury Dressings in First-Aid Kits Provide a New Technique to Reveal Shark Species After Bite Incidents
• Organic Nanozymes Have Broad Applications from Food and Agriculture to Biomedicine

Monday, July 29, 2024

• Robotics: Self-Powered 'bugs' Can Skim Across Water to Detect Environmental Data

Friday, July 26, 2024

• New Additive Process Can Make Better -- And Greener -- High-Value Chemicals
• New Understanding of Fly Behavior Has Potential Application in Robotics, Public Safety
• Pioneering Measurement of the Acidity of Ionic Liquids Using Raman Spectroscopy
• Fresh Light on the Path to Net Zero

Thursday, July 25, 2024

• 'Miracle' Filter Turns Store-Bought LEDs Into Spintronic Devices
• Indoor Solar Cells That Maximize the Use of Light Energy
• A Recipe for Zero-Emissions Fuel: Soda Cans, Seawater, and Caffeine
• Better Way to Produce Green Hydrogen
• Tackling Industrial Emissions Begins at the Chemical Reaction
• Chemical Analyses Find Hidden Elements from Renaissance Astronomer Tycho Brahe's Alchemy Laboratory

Wednesday, July 24, 2024

• Researchers Discover Faster, More Energy-Efficient Way to Manufacture an Industrially Important Chemical
• Researchers Develop Innovative Battery Recycling Method
• A Single-Molecule-Based Organic Porous Material With Great Potential for Efficient Ammonia Storage

Tuesday, July 23, 2024

• Drawing Water from Dry Air
• Researchers Develop More Environmentally Friendly and Cost-Effective Method for Soil Remediation
• Nanoscopic Imaging Aids in Understanding Protein, Tissue Preservation in Ancient Bones
• 3D-Printed Microstructure Forest Facilitates Solar Steam Generator Desalination
• Pioneering the Cellular Frontier
• A Promising New Method Uses Light to Clean Up Forever Chemicals

Monday, July 22, 2024

• Converting Captured Carbon to Fuel: Study Assesses What's Practical and What's Not
• Switching from Gas to Electric Stoves Cuts Indoor Air Pollution
• Organs on Demand? Scientists Print Voxel Building Blocks
• 3D Printing of Light-Activated Hydrogel Actuators

Friday, July 19, 2024

• Waste Styrofoam Can Now Be Converted Into Polymers for Electronics
• Chemists Design Novel Method for Generating Sustainable Fuel
• New Humidity-Driven Membrane to Remove Carbon Dioxide from the Air
• 'Secret' Hidden Structure Paves New Way of Making More Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Thursday, July 18, 2024

• Converting Wastewater to Fertilizer With Fungal Treatment
• Novel Electrode for Improving Flowless Zinc-Bromine Battery

Wednesday, July 17, 2024

• Microbes Found to Destroy Certain 'forever Chemicals'
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Zapping sand to create rock could help curb coastal erosion

Low voltages generated minerals that help bind the sand into erosion-resistant rock, offering hope for shorelines ravaged by waves.

The world’s fastest microscope makes its debut

Old books can have unsafe levels of chromium, but readers’ risk is low

More stories in chemistry.

Tycho Brahe dabbled in alchemy. Broken glassware is revealing his recipes

The shards contain nine metals that the famous astronomer may have used, including one not formally identified until 180 years after his death.

Some ‘forever chemicals’ may be absorbed through our skin

PFAS, which are found in common products such as cosmetics, food packaging and waterproof gear, have been linked to health problems.

A new element on the periodic table might be within reach 

Scientists made the known element 116 with a beam of titanium atoms, a technique that could be used to make the undiscovered element 120.

Sulfur was key to the first water on Earth

Hydrogen bonded with sulfur may have given our world its first water after the hydrogen broke away and joined with oxygen in the planet’s crust.

Jurassic Park ’s amber-preserved dino DNA is now inspiring a way to store data 

DNA is capable of encoding all sorts of data. Storing it in an amberlike material may keep that information safe for nearly forever.

Landfills belch toxic ‘forever chemicals’ into the air

An analysis of samples from three Florida landfills shows that landfill gas can carry more PFAS than the liquid that leaches from the waste.

‘Flavorama’ guides readers through the complex landscape of flavor

In her new book, Arielle Johnson, former resident scientist at the restaurant Noma, explains how to think like a scientist in the kitchen.

A new method of making diamonds doesn’t require extreme pressure 

Lab-grown diamonds can form at atmospheric pressure in a liquid of gallium, iron, nickel and silicon.

How a sugar acid crucial for life could have formed in interstellar clouds

Computer calculations and lab experiments have revealed a possible mechanism for the creation of glyceric acid, which has been seen in meteorites.

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Every year, we accept and publish more than 470,000 journal articles. Publishing in an Elsevier journal starts with finding the right journal for your paper. If you already know the journal to which you want to submit, you can enter the title directly in the find a journal search box. Alternatively, you can match the abstract of your article to a journal.

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Open access lies at the core of Elsevier’s publishing mission – in fact, today, almost all of our journals offer open access options. That means finding the right open access home for your research is easy.

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Arkema settles local claims over US hurricane fire emissions

2024-09-06T12:04:00+01:00

Peroxides producer will pay $1.1 million and make safety improvements

Study demonstrates how mixtures of isotopologues can store high density information

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Observing Cop28 with a gender lens

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Nicotine analogues emerging in e-cigarettes to evade regulations, search for ukri chief executive starts afresh, the science education programme partnering with people in prison, us government scientist union scores latest contract win, force-sensitive molecule pulled apart to create highly reactive aryne.

The GLP-1 weight loss revolution

Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist drugs, such as semaglutide, could save countless lives at risk due to diabetes and obesity. Rachel Brazil looks at the difficulties in making the peptides themselves, and what’s coming next

Seaweed success

Scientists and entrepreneurs are sowing the seeds for a new kind of industry. Hayley Bennett explores the buzz around the marine ‘biorefinery’ business – and what might hold it back

Raising a hat to quasicrystals

Looking back – and forwards – at the unusual structures

The irregular habits of crystals

Centuries of study have refined theories of how substances with periodically ordered structures behave. Anna Demming talks to the researchers exploring where these theories can apply in materials that are not ordered periodically, or even ordered at all

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Encoding process works by varying extent of deuteration in an aminoquinoline carboxylic acid

High-intensity ultrasound initiates formal retro-[2+2] cycloaddition by stretching a benzocyclobutene core from strategically placed anchor points

Supramolecular crystals show promise for hydrogen storage

Low-energy electrons in cosmic ice spring surprise by generating prebiotic molecules, super-fast setting sticky polymers can suture tricky internal wounds, discovery of ‘no burst’ could help save world’s favourite banana from deadly fungus, the world’s tiniest batteries could power robots the size of cells, reading into the dangers of poison paint in victorian-era books, scratch-resistant metal oxide films made with simple printing technique, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, agrochemical, fine/speciality, whitepapers.

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Latest effort to crack down on combination drugs launched by Indian government

Being wrong is almost inevitable, 17 dead in solvent explosion at indian plant, beating the heat problem, mdma rejection poses questions for psychedelic drug trials.

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Readers discuss antidepressants, industrial disasters and what Humphry Davy inhaled

Henninger and Le Bel’s fractionator and the importance of lab culture

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An undercurrent of collaboration

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The mass spectrometry trailblazer on leaving school at 16 and waving the flag for technicians

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On the tightrope of expressing your opinion, you always risk looking a fool

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By Philip Robinson

Semaglutide and tirzepatide are changing lives, and could change our attitudes

Making strides in sustainable laboratories: Examples of recent initiatives

Join us on 16 September to learn about reducing the environmental impact of chemistry research

The science of CBD: exploring safe limits

Explore the science behind the new guidelines on safe consumption of (cannabidiol) CBD – join us on 25 Sept

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Sponsored by Merck and Standigm

Join us 26 September to discover how Standigm’s use of Synthia can accelerate AI-driven drug discovery

Advances in lignin-derived polymers: Enhancing toughness and creating sustainable thermosets

Sponsored by Waters Corporation

Join us to discover how the rapid development of bio-based thermosets is transforming polymer science – live on 27 September

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Driving innovation in the UK’s emerging biotechnology sector

Sponsored by RSSL

Biotech startups and spinouts must overcome numerous challenges to get from lab to market. A new UK innovation hub aims to give this emerging sector the space, resources and expertise it needs.

Nobel prize in chemistry 2024: Reaction

Join us on 11 October for an exclusive look at the Nobel in chemistry 2024 prize-winning science

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Learn how to significantly speed up simulations on molecular structures with Accelerated DFT - join us live 2 October

Navigating pharmaceutical manufacturing changes with Lundbeck: Insights into process optimisation

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Learn how new AI and HPC capabilities will enable novel solutions to complex chemistry problems

If you think data is the new oil, you’re thinking too crudely

Sponsored by JMP , By Phil Kay

The differences are more important than the similarities

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From R&D to QC, making NMR accessible for everyone

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While more researchers are adopting open access, open data, open peer review and open projects, some significant barriers are hindering progress

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Working in the chemical industries, plural, long hours are a short-term solution for skills shortages, should i stay or should i go, inspiration on a surfboard and in the chemistry classroom, slow progress reforming academia creates its own generation gap.

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Browsing: Chemistry

SciTechDaily features the latest chemistry news and recent research articles from leading universities and institutes from around the world. Here, we delve into the ever-evolving realm of molecules, elements, and reactions, bringing you up-to-date insights from renowned scientists and researchers.

Read interesting chemistry news and breakthrough research on related topics like Biochemistry , Chemical Engineering , Materials Science , Nanoparticles , and Polymers .

Our comprehensive coverage spans the spectrum of chemistry, from organic and inorganic chemistry to biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and beyond. Stay informed about groundbreaking advancements, innovative techniques, and novel applications shaping the future of chemistry and its impact on our everyday lives. Discover, learn, and fuel your passion for chemistry with SciTechDaily.

Concerning Discovery: “Forever Chemical” Levels Increasing in Groundwater

Researchers have identified increasing concentrations of the persistent pollutant trifluoroacetate in Denmark’s groundwater over the…

Revolutionary Process Turns Plastic Waste into Valuable Chemicals

The catalytic process efficiently breaks down polymers into chemical precursors, advancing the development of a…

Hotter Than Lava: The Surprising Science of Molten Uranium

Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have uncovered groundbreaking chemistry in molten uranium trichloride, challenging…

Collagen Clues: How Dinosaur Bones Defy Scientific Expectations of Decay

Scientists have discovered why the collagen in dinosaur skeletons has remained intact for millions of…

Crafting Tomorrow’s Cures: Unleashing Billions of Molecules To Accelerate Drug Discovery

Recent breakthroughs in DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DEL) have revolutionized the production of new molecular therapies,…

Peptides and AI Unveil New Pathways in Drug Design

Chinese scientists have explored how peptides aggregate, revealing that amino acid composition significantly affects their…

Electron Secrets at the Heart of Clean Energy Breakthrough

Researchers have made a significant breakthrough in photocatalysis, identifying that electrons trapped near metal cocatalysts,…

Scientists Develop All-in-One Solution To Catch and Destroy “Forever Chemicals”

A new water treatment system developed by UBC researchers efficiently removes and destroys PFAS pollutants…

Fuel Cell Breakthrough: New Research Reveals Key to Extended Lifespan

Chalmers University researchers have developed a method to study and understand the degradation processes within…

Revolutionizing Recycling: New Technique Turns Plastic Waste Into Wealth

Chemical recycling offers a sustainable alternative to traditional plastic recycling by breaking down plastics into…

Cutting-Edge Probes Illuminate the Brain’s Inner Workings

Scientists at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory have innovated new photoacoustic probes that enable better…

New Findings Challenge 150-Year-Old Assumptions: Scientists Discover New Properties of Unusual Metal

New research reveals aspects of structure and behavior at the atomic level. Nearly 150 years…

AI Cracks the Chemistry Code to Better, Longer-lasting Solar Panels

Researchers have leveraged artificial intelligence to enhance the photostability of molecules for solar energy applications,…

Carbenes in Space? New Discovery Could Explain Life’s Cosmic Origins

Chemists have developed a method to create carbenes from methanol, enhancing our understanding of molecular…

Cheaper, Greener: Manganese-Based Li-Ion Batteries Set To Transform EVs

Researchers have developed a sustainable lithium-ion battery using manganese, which could revolutionize the electric vehicle…

Caltech Researchers Teach an Old Metal New Tricks

Scientists have developed a method to recycle a widely used reagent in synthetic chemistry reactions.…

Unlocking the Secrets of Promethium: Scientists Capture a Never-Before-Seen Elemental Bond

A team of scientists led by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Oak Ridge National…

AI Discovers the Quantum Code: Revolutionizing Chemistry

New research using neural networks, a form of brain-inspired AI, proposes a solution to the…

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Undergraduate Research in Chemistry

Undergraduate research in chemistry is self-directed experimentation work under the guidance and supervision of a mentor or advisor. Students participate in an ongoing research project and investigate phenomena of interest to them and their advisor.

There is a broad range of research areas in the chemical sciences. Today’s research groups are interdisciplinary, crossing boundaries across fields and across other disciplines, such as physics, biology, materials science, engineering and medicine.

Basic or Applied Research?

Basic research The objective of basic research is to gain more comprehensive knowledge or understanding of the subject under study, without specific applications in mind. In industry, basic research is defined as research that advances scientific knowledge but does not have specific immediate commercial objectives, although it may be in fields of present or potential commercial interest.

Applied research Applied research is aimed at gaining knowledge or understanding to determine the means by which a specific, recognized need may be met. In industry, applied research includes investigations oriented to discovering new scientific knowledge that has specific commercial objectives with respect to products, processes, or services.

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What is research at the undergraduate level?    

At the undergraduate level, research is self-directed work under the guidance and supervision of a mentor/advisor ― usually a university professor. A gradual transition towards independence is encouraged as a student gains confidence and is able to work with minor supervision. Students normally participate in an ongoing research project and investigate phenomena of interest to them and their advisor. In the chemical sciences, the range of research areas is quite broad. A few groups maintain their research area within a single classical field of analytical, inorganic, organic, physical, chemical education or theoretical chemistry. More commonly, research groups today are interdisciplinary, crossing boundaries across fields and across other disciplines, such as physics, biology, materials science, engineering and medicine.

What are the benefits of being involved in undergraduate research?

There are many benefits to undergraduate research, but the most important are:

• Learning, learning, learning. Most chemists learn by working in a laboratory setting. Information learned in the classroom is more clearly understood and it is more easily remembered once it has been put into practice. This knowledge expands through experience and further reading. From the learning standpoint, research is an extremely productive cycle.
• Experiencing chemistry in a real world setting. The equipment, instrumentation and materials used in research labs are generally more sophisticated, advanced, and of far better quality than those used in lab courses
• Getting the excitement of discovery. If science is truly your vocation, regardless of any negative results, the moment of discovery will be truly exhilarating. Your results are exclusive. No one has ever seen them before.
• Preparing for graduate school. A graduate degree in a chemistry-related science is mostly a research degree. Undergraduate research will not only give you an excellent foundation, but working alongside graduate students and post-doctorates will provide you with a unique opportunity to learn what it will be like.

Is undergraduate research required for graduation?

Many chemistry programs now require undergraduate research for graduation. There are plenty of opportunities for undergraduate students to get involved in research, either during the academic year, summer, or both. If your home institution is not research intensive, you may find opportunities at other institutions, government labs, and industries.

When should I get involved in undergraduate research?

Chemistry is an experimental science. We recommended that you get involved in research as early in your college life as possible. Ample undergraduate research experience gives you an edge in the eyes of potential employers and graduate programs.

While most mentors prefer to accept students in their research labs once they have developed some basic lab skills through general and organic lab courses, some institutions have programs that involve students in research projects the summer prior to their freshman year. Others even involve senior high school students in summer research programs. Ask your academic/departmental advisor about the options available to you.

What will I learn by participating in an undergraduate research program?

Conducting a research project involves a series of steps that start at the inquiry level and end in a report. In the process, you learn to:

• Conduct scientific literature searches
• Read, interpret and extract information from journal articles relevant to the project
• Design experimental procedures to obtain data and/or products of interest
• Operate instruments and implement laboratory techniques not usually available in laboratories associated with course work
• Interpret results, reach conclusions, and generate new ideas based on results
• Interact professionally (and socially) with students and professors within the research group, department and school as well as others from different schools, countries, cultures and backgrounds
• Communicate results orally and in writing to other peers, mentors, faculty advisors, and members of the scientific community at large via the following informal group meeting presentations, reports to mentor/advisor, poster presentations at college-wide, regional, national or international meetings; formal oral presentations at scientific meetings; or journal articles prepared for publication

How do I select an advisor?

This is probably the most important step in getting involved in undergraduate research. The best approach is multifaceted. Get informed about research areas and projects available in your department, which are usually posted on your departmental website under each professor’s name.

Talk to other students who are already involved in research. If your school has an  ACS Student Chapter , make a point to talk to the chapter’s members. Ask your current chemistry professor and lab instructor for advice. They can usually guide you in the right direction. If a particular research area catches your interest, make an appointment with the corresponding professor.

Let the professor know that you are considering getting involved in research, you have read a bit about her/his research program, and that you would like to find out more. Professors understand that students are not experts in the field, and they will explain their research at a level that you will be able to follow. Here are some recommended questions to ask when you meet with this advisor:

• Is there a project(s) within her/his research program suitable for an undergraduate student?
• Does she/he have a position/space in the lab for you?
• If you were to work in her/his lab, would you be supervised directly by her/him or by a graduate student? If it is a graduate student, make a point of meeting with the student and other members of the research group. Determine if their schedule matches yours. A night owl may not be able to work effectively with a morning person.
• Does she/he have funding to support the project? Unfunded projects may indicate that there may not be enough resources in the lab to carry out the project to completion. It may also be an indication that funding agencies/peers do not consider this work sufficiently important enough for funding support. Of course there are exceptions. For example, a newly hired assistant professor may not have external funding yet, but he/she may have received “start-up funds” from the university and certainly has the vote of confidence of the rest of the faculty. Otherwise he/she would not have been hired. Another classical exception is computational chemistry research, for which mostly fast computers are necessary and therefore external funding is needed to support research assistants and computer equipment only. No chemicals, glassware, or instrumentation will be found in a computational chemistry lab.
• How many of his/her articles got published in the last two or three years? When prior work has been published, it is a good indicator that the research is considered worthwhile by the scientific community that reviews articles for publication. Ask for printed references. Number of publications in reputable refereed journals (for example ACS journals) is an excellent indicator of the reputation of the researcher and the quality of his/her work.

Here is one last piece of advice: If the project really excites you and you get satisfactory answers to all your questions, make sure that you and the advisor will get along and that you will enjoy working with him/her and other members of the research group.

Remember that this advisor may be writing recommendation letters on your behalf to future employers, graduate schools, etc., so you want to leave a good impression. To do this, you should understand that the research must move forward and that if you become part of a research team, you should do your best to achieve this goal. At the same time, your advisor should understand your obligations to your course work and provide you with a degree of flexibility.

Ultimately, it is your responsibility to do your best on both course work and research. Make sure that the advisor is committed to supervising you as much as you are committed to doing the required work and putting in the necessary/agreed upon hours.

How much time should I allocate to research?

The quick answer is as much as possible without jeopardizing your course work. The rule of thumb is to spend 3 to 4 hours working in the lab for every credit hour in which you enroll. However, depending on the project, some progress can be achieved in just 3-4 hours of research/week. Most advisors would recommend 8-10 hours/week.

Depending on your project, a few of those hours may be of intense work and the rest may be spent simply monitoring the progress of a reaction or an instrumental analysis. Many research groups work on weekends. Saturdays are excellent days for long, uninterrupted periods of lab work.

What are some potential challenges?

• Time management . Each project is unique, and it will be up to you and your supervisor to decide when to be in the lab and how to best utilize the time available to move the project forward.
• Different approaches and styles . Not everyone is as clean and respectful of the equipment of others as you are. Not everyone is as punctual as you are. Not everyone follows safety procedures as diligently as you do. Some groups have established protocols for keeping the lab and equipment clean, for borrowing equipment from other members, for handling common equipment, for research meetings, for specific safety procedures, etc. Part of learning to work in a team is to avoid unnecessary conflict while establishing your ground to doing your work efficiently.
• “The project does not work.”  This is a statement that advisors commonly hear from students. Although projects are generally very well conceived, and it is people that make projects work, the nature of research is such that it requires patience, perseverance, critical thinking, and on many occasions, a change in direction. Thoroughness, attention to detail, and comprehensive notes are crucial when reporting the progress of a project.

Be informed, attentive, analytical, and objective. Read all the background information. Read user manuals for instruments and equipment. In many instances the reason for failure may be related to dirty equipment, contaminated reagents, improperly set instruments, poorly chosen conditions, lack of thoroughness, and/or lack of resourcefulness. Repeating a procedure while changing one parameter may work sometimes, while repeating the procedure multiple times without systematic changes and observations probably will not.

When reporting failures or problems, make sure that you have all details at hand. Be thorough in you assessment. Then ask questions. Advisors usually have sufficient experience to detect errors in procedures and are able to lead you in the right direction when the student is able to provide all the necessary details. They also have enough experience to know when to change directions. Many times one result may be unexpected, but it may be interesting enough to lead the investigation into a totally different avenue. Communicate with your advisor/mentor often.

Are there places other than my institution where I can conduct research?

Absolutely! Your school may be close to other universities, government labs and/or industries that offer part-time research opportunities during the academic year. There may also be summer opportunities in these institutions as well as in REU sites (see next question).

Contact your chemistry department advisor first. He/she may have some information readily available for you. You can also contact nearby universities, local industries and government labs directly or through the career center at your school. You can also find listings through ACS resources:

• Research Opportunities (US only)
• International Research Opportunities
• Internships and Summer Jobs

What are Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) sites? When should I apply for a position in one of them?

REU is a program established by the National Science Foundation (NSF) to support active research participation by undergraduate students at host institutions in the United States or abroad. An REU site may offer projects within a single department/discipline or it may have projects that are inter-departmental and interdisciplinary. There are currently over 70 domestic and approximately 5 international REU sites with a chemistry theme. Sites consist of 10-12 students each, although there are larger sites that supplement NSF funding with other sources. Students receive stipends and, in most cases, assistance with housing and travel.

Most REU sites invite rising juniors and rising seniors to participate in research during the summer. Experience in research is not required to apply, except for international sites where at least one semester or summer of prior research experience is recommended. Applications usually open around November or December for participation during the following summer. Undergraduate students supported with NSF funds must be citizens or permanent residents of the United States or its possessions. Some REU sites with supplementary funds from other sources may accept international students that are enrolled at US institutions.

• Get more information about REU sites

How do I prepare a scientific research poster?

Here are some links to sites with very useful information and samples.

• Anatomy of an Ace Research Paper
• Getting Ready for the ACS National Meeting
• Survivng Your First ACS Undergraduate Poster Presentation
• Six Ways Research Can Fire Up Your Chapter

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Chemists find new pharmaceutically active substances from billions of newly combined molecules

by Daniel Meierhans, ETH Zurich

Nowadays, there's lots of buzz about spectacular new medical treatments, such as personalized cancer therapy with modified immune cells or antibodies. Such treatments, however, are very complex and expensive and so find only limited application. Most medical therapies are still based on small chemical compounds that can be produced in large quantities and thus at low cost.

The bottleneck in the development of new molecular therapies is the limited number of new active substances that can be found using current techniques. A method developed in the 2000s at Harvard and ETH Zurich promises to provide a remedy: DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DEL).

To date, DEL technology could be used to produce millions of chemical compounds and test their effectiveness in one go. However, the drawback with this was that the researchers could build only small molecules from a few chemical building blocks . Chemists at ETH Zurich have now refined and significantly improved this process.

With the help of the new method, published in the journal Science , researchers can now automatically synthesize and test not just a few million, but billions of different substances within a few weeks. The method can also be applied to produce much larger drug molecules, such as ring-shaped peptides, which can be used to target additional pharmacological targets.

Creating and testing all combinations

"The first active substances developed with the help of early DEL technology are currently in advanced clinical trials. This new DEL method once again massively expands the possibilities," Jörg Scheuermann explains.

He and his research group at the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences are among the pioneers of DEL technology, which is considered to be the key to utilizing the combinatorial possibilities in the chemical production of molecules in practice.

The aim of combinatorial chemistry is to produce as many molecular variants as possible from individual building blocks. From all these combinations, the researchers fish out those that demonstrate the desired activity. The number of different molecules grows exponentially with the number of synthesis cycles and with the number of different building blocks that are combined in each synthesis cycle.

Using DNA code to identify the active molecules

For researchers to be able to identify the individual active compounds in the rapidly growing "molecular soup" in efficacy tests, the DEL method attaches a defined short fragment of DNA to the molecule in parallel with each active-ingredient building block. This creates a unique DNA sequence as a readable barcode for each combination of building blocks.

For example, the entire soup of molecules can be tested for its ability to bind to a specific protein , and individual DNA segments can be amplified and clearly identified using the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique familiar from COVID tests.

Preventing exponential growth of contamination

Chemical reality, however, has thus far severely limited the possibilities of DEL technology. The process of linking the DNA fragments with the chemical building blocks is invariably reliable, but the effectiveness with which those building blocks link together chemically varies depending on the combination. As a result, the DNA code loses its uniqueness.

The same code can refer not just to the complete molecule with all building blocks, but also to truncated variants containing only some of the building blocks. These impurities also increase exponentially with each round of synthesis. In practice, this has limited the manageable size of DEL libraries to combinations of three to four connected blocks and thus to several million different compounds.

Self-purification built in

Scheuermann's research team have now found a way to prevent the increasing contamination of the molecular library: to purify the DEL that has been synthesized down to the very last building block. The ETH researchers' method is based on two main parts.

First, synthesis of the molecules is coupled to magnetic particles that can be handled easily and automatically. This enables washing cycles, among other things. Second, the team introduced a second chemical coupling component on the particles that can bind only to the last of the planned building blocks.

All truncated molecules that are missing, say, the last building block, can be removed in a single washing step. In the end, the library has only those molecules that contain all the building blocks specified in the DNA code.

Conflict with combinatorial chemistry

As elegant as the method looks on paper, it was difficult to implement, as Scheuermann says, "It was particularly challenging to find magnetic particles that don't interfere with the enzymatic coupling of DNA fragments. In the course of their doctoral projects, Michelle Keller and Dimitar Petrov from my group invested a lot of time and energy to make sure the method works reliably."

The idea of performing such combinatorial chemistry on particles emerged back in the 1990s, but only now have the ETH researchers been able to put this into practice for library synthesis.

More diverse and larger molecules

The self-purifying DEL technology goes beyond allowing the handling of much larger libraries of several billion molecules; it also lets researchers synthesize bigger molecules consisting of five or more building blocks.

"Before, we could search for small active substances that fit like a key into the lock of the active site of therapeutically relevant proteins, but now we can search for larger ones as well. These larger active substances can dock not only in a protein's active centers, but also to other specific areas of a protein's surface, for example, in order to prevent it from binding to a receptor," Scheuermann says.

Fundamental biological research also benefits from the possibility of finding molecules that bind to certain protein surfaces, as this makes it possible to label and examine proteins in their cellular context. Moreover, the ETH method could be a boon for major international research initiatives such as Target 2035.

This initiative addresses the ca. 20,000 human proteins and aims to find, by 2035, a molecule for each of them that binds specifically to that one protein and can therefore influence its function.

Spin-off service for industry and science

To make the technology available to the pharmaceutical industry and for basic research as efficiently as possible, Scheuermann and his team will establish a spin-off company. This company will offer the entire process: from the development of DEL collections and automated synthesis to automated efficacy testing and DNA-based identification of the molecules.

"We're seeing immense interest from industry and research, especially in cyclic molecules, which to date haven't been accessible in large numbers," Scheuermann says.

Journal information: Science

Provided by ETH Zurich

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Green Chemistry

Toward safer and more sustainable by design biocatalytic amide-bond coupling.

Amide bond synthesis is ranked as the second most important challenge in key green chemistry research areas identified by the ACS Green Chemistry Institute. While developing more sustainable amide bond forming reactions has been in focus, significantly less attention has been given to human toxicity and environmental aspects of the underlying amine and acid substrates and their corresponding coupled products; a potentially important contribution to the overall sustainability of the amide-bond-forming reactions. Here, we explore biocatalytic amide bond formation from a safer-and-more-sustainable-by-design perspective in which commercially available amines and acids as well as their corresponding amide products were evaluated in silico based on potential human toxicity and environmental fate and exposure. This in silico filtering resulted in a panel of 188 amine and 54 acid building blocks that could be classified as safe; referred to herein as “safechems”. To enable couplings of the safechems, we generated a panel of robust and promiscuous ancestral ATP-dependent amide bond synthetases (ABS) using McbA from Marinactinospora thermotolerans SCSIO 00652 as a template. Ancestral ABS enzymes exhibited complementary specificities in the coupling of a representative safechem subset of 17 amines and 16 acids while showing an increased thermostability of up to 20 °C compared to the extant biocatalyst. Finally, the pool of safechems and their corresponding amides were evaluated by USEtox (the UNEP-SETAC toxicity model), analysing not only the intrinsic properties of the compounds but evaluating their complete impact pathway including fate, exposure and effects. The amides were in general predicted as more toxic compared to the starting acids and amines through non-additive effects, emphasising that focusing on the toxicity of the building blocks alone is not sufficient to strive towards low human and ecotoxicity impact. Pursuing a safer and more sustainable by design perspective in the implementation of safechems did not prevent us from generating an array of novel products with potentially potent applications as exemplified here by enzymatic synthesis of substructures that are part of drug candidates for e.g. cancer treatment.

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Buddini Karawdeniya

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Professional Website

• Ph.D. in Analytical Sensors, Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, USA​ (2018)
• Graduate Chemist, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Sri Lanka (2010)
• Bachelor of Science (Biological Science): University of Colombo, Sri Lanka (2010)

My Research Interests

I am passionate about harnessing micro and nano-technology enhanced with chemical and analytical approaches to pioneer innovations for sensitive, selective, simple, and non-invasive diagnostics and beyond. 

These innovations extend from technologies enabling portable or wearable health monitors to those facilitating pharmaceutical quality assurance in the biomedical space. 

The core research thrusts of my team focus on single-molecule solid-state nanopore sensing, gas, and fluid sensing as well as surface-engineered systems to enable sensing. 

The modular nature of these technologies allows for their extension to environmental, food, and water quality testing. 

The overarching goal of my research is to develop practical, user-friendly, and accurate sensing and other enabling technologies for biomedical applications and beyond.

Work Experience

• Research Fellow, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Australia (2020-2024)
• Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Texas, USA.​ (2018-2020)
• Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, USA (2018)​
• Graduate Teaching Assistant, Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, USA (2012-2018)
• ​Teaching Assistant, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Sri Lanka (2010-2012)

My Mentoring Approach

​ I believe in setting expectations at the beginning and constant and open-ended communication. 

In addition to developing research skills, students will be guided to enhance their presentation, writing, and administrative abilities while also expanding their professional network. 

Graduate students and postdoctoral researchers will write an Individual Development Plan (IDP) with me before or soon after joining the lab to set expectations and to help me figure out the best ways to mentor them toward their career goals.​

Personal Interests

​ When I am not working I love spending time with my family. I have a passion for traveling and reading. Sri Lankan and South Indian food makes me happy and I love cooking. To relax I watch movies, write poetry, and try new crafts.

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View guidelines, important information about nsf’s implementation of the revised 2 cfr.

NSF Financial Assistance awards (grants and cooperative agreements) made on or after October 1, 2024, will be subject to the applicable set of award conditions, dated October 1, 2024, available on the NSF website . These terms and conditions are consistent with the revised guidance specified in the OMB Guidance for Federal Financial Assistance published in the Federal Register on April 22, 2024.

Important information for proposers

All proposals must be submitted in accordance with the requirements specified in this funding opportunity and in the NSF Proposal & Award Policies & Procedures Guide (PAPPG) that is in effect for the relevant due date to which the proposal is being submitted. It is the responsibility of the proposer to ensure that the proposal meets these requirements. Submitting a proposal prior to a specified deadline does not negate this requirement.

Supports partnerships between minority-serving institutions and Division of Chemistry-supported institutes and centers to increase recruitment, retention and degree attainment of those most underrepresented in chemistry research.

The CHE Partnerships for Research and Education in Chemistry (PREC) program aims to enable, build, and grow partnerships between minority-serving institutions (MSIs) and CHE-supported Centers for Chemical Innovation, NSF's ChemMatCARS ,  the Molecular Sciences Software Institute (MolSSI), or the Molecule Maker Lab Institute (MMLI) to increase recruitment, retention and degree attainment (which defines the PREC pathway) by members of those groups most underrepresented in chemistry research, and at the same time support excellent research and education endeavors that strengthen such partnerships.

The PREC program includes two Tracks to catalyze the development of research and educational endeavors at MSIs as well as to improve the PREC pathway. Track 1 focuses efforts on establishing and strengthening the PREC pathway through smaller research and education collaborations. Track 2 includes improvements and expansions of the PREC pathway while also building larger collaborations and capacity for research at the MSIs with support for the integration of research and education efforts.

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Nature’s own chemistry could help reduce waste and improve health

When Dr Andrés de la Escosura, an organic chemistry researcher at the Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) in Madrid, Spain, set out to fundamentally change the way that we produce the chemicals used in everyday life, his rationale was simple. Chemistry in nature is clean and efficient, whilst industrial chemistry is anything but. 

‘Chemical reactions in nature are incredibly efficient, generating very little waste and consuming very little energy,’ said de la Escosura.

He wondered whether, by mimicking biology more closely in industrial reactions, we could create a cleaner, more environment-friendly chemical industry.

Thanks to funding from the EU, de la Escosura was able to join forces with researchers from countries such as Austria, the Netherlands and Switzerland to put these ideas to the test in a research initiative called  CLASSY that ended earlier this year.

Natural advantage

Living organisms function using biochemical reactions. Everything, from respiration and photosynthesis through to the digestion of food and the contraction of muscles, involves the movement, breakdown, recombination and synthesis of chemicals. These processes are all very clean and energy efficient.

On the other hand, today’s industrial chemical industry that is used to power sectors such as health, energy, transport and housing creates vast amounts of waste. The production of pharmaceuticals, for instance, typically generates 25 to 100 kilograms of waste for every kilogram of final product. 

“ Chemical reactions in nature are incredibly efficient, generating very little waste and consuming very little energy. Dr Andrés de la Escosura, CLASSY

The chemical industry is also very energy intensive. The EU’s statistical office reported that the chemical and petrochemical sector is responsible for  one-fifth of Europe’s industrial energy consumption. This makes it a major polluter and contributor to climate change.

The CLASSY researchers turned to living systems for inspiration. Nature efficiently synthesises an enormous variety of complex chemical products by separating, or compartmentalising, different chemical processes and using natural feedback mechanisms to regulate them.

Continuous flow

The research team explored ways to replicate these processes in what they call “microfluidic reactors” set up to mimic the activity of living cells.

Microfluidics is the manipulation of fluids through tiny channels. Fluids, and the molecules within them, are sorted and guided through a series of chips or microreactors. Different molecules can be sent to different reaction chambers, and their progress through the device is closely controlled in a step-by-step progressive process. 

The processing of synthetic chemicals requires several different steps. When you carry out these processes in a closed system, like a flask or industrial reaction chamber, at some point you need to stop, empty the reactor and then start the reaction again, explained de la Escosura.

Microfluidics enables chemical reactions to occur in a more natural fashion. The reactors contain a mix of enzymes and other molecules that produce a chemical reaction. When one chemical reaction finishes, the compounds flow through the system to the next chamber and the next reaction. The benefit of this is that the overall process can run continuously.

The CLASSY researchers have made good progress with these reactors, successfully creating a microfluidic device that breaks down vegetable fats to produce a biofuel to prove their concept. 

De la Escosura acknowledges that the efficiency of the process could be further improved, but the hope is that, in the future, such devices could complete different tasks depending on what is fed into the system. More basic research is needed, he said, but the hope is that this approach could dramatically reduce waste and energy consumption, while improving chemical yields.

‘The goal is to minimise the impact that the chemical industry has on climate change and other environmental issues,’ he said.

This is particularly important as global chemical production is expected to  double by 2030 , according to the EU, which published its own chemicals strategy in 2020 aimed at reducing the environmental and health impact of the chemicals sector as part of the EU’s zero pollution goals and the  European Green Deal . 

Body chemistry

On a similar path of investigation, researchers from Spain, Denmark, the Netherlands and Switzerland are exploring how complex chemical reaction networks (CRNs) created using microfluidic chips could help regulate the processes in our bodies. 

This is part of a 4-year research initiative called  CORENET , also coordinated by de la Escosura, that received funding from the EU to design “chemical computers” able to interact with the human body.

This isn’t as outlandish as it might sound. ‘The most efficient computer in the world is chemical – the human brain,’ said de la Escosura. In fact, all our organs, which monitor conditions in our body and produce corresponding outputs, are basically information processors.

“ The most efficient computer in the world is chemical – the human brain. Dr Andrés de la Escosura, CORENET

‘Biological systems do all they do – the functions, the information processing, everything – with molecules,’ said de la Escosura.

A potential advantage of chemical computers is that they could produce information in the form of chemicals that can interact directly with living systems – and respond to input received from them. This could be used to produce wearable medical devices that are able to mimic natural biochemical signalling. 

Seamless communication

Most wearable medical devices are still fairly simple. Insulin pumps, for instance, deliver a regular dose of insulin at steady intervals throughout the day to help control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. 

Some more advanced devices being developed can respond directly to blood sugar levels to deliver insulin when needed, and may even be able to offer some dose control.

A wearable chemical computer able to measure the chemical compounds in the blood and, through a series of reactions, produce different chemicals in response would be a real game changer. 

‘This type of computing with chemical systems may help us to better model the complexity that we find in biological organisms,’ said de la Escosura.

Although such devices are still a long way off, CORENET researchers believe that they could one day offer personalised treatment for various conditions through the synthesis of drug molecules triggered by cues from the body. They could even be used to create advanced brain–machine interfaces.

For Katja-Sophia Csizi, a postdoctoral researcher at IBM Research in Zurich, Switzerland, the work being done in CORENET is extremely innovative because it thinks of chemistry from a completely different perspective. Csizi’s work in the team focuses on how to use CRNs in chemical computing applications.

‘It is easier and far more effective to reach an ambitious goal if you approach it from different perspectives,’ she said.

Research in this article was funded by the EU’s Horizon Programme including, in the case of CORENET, via the European Innovation Council (EIC). The views of the interviewees don’t necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. If you liked this article, please consider sharing it on social media.

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