collateral assignment of life insurance definition

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What Is a Collateral Assignment of Life Insurance?

Charlene Rhinehart is a CPA , CFE, chair of an Illinois CPA Society committee, and has a degree in accounting and finance from DePaul University.

A collateral assignment of life insurance is a conditional assignment appointing a lender as an assignee of a policy. Essentially, the lender has a claim to some or all of the death benefit until the loan is repaid. The death benefit is used as collateral for a loan.

The advantage to using a collateral assignee over naming the lender as a beneficiary is that you can specify that the lender is only entitled to a certain amount, namely the amount of the outstanding loan. That would allow your beneficiaries still be entitled to any remaining death benefit.

Lenders commonly require that life insurance serve as collateral for a business loan to guarantee repayment if the borrower dies or defaults. They may even require you to get a life insurance policy to be approved for a business loan.

Key Takeaways

• The borrower of a business loan using life insurance as collateral must be the policy owner, who may or may not be the insured.
• The collateral assignment helps you avoid naming a lender as a beneficiary.
• The collateral assignment may be against all or part of the policy's value.
• If any amount of the death benefit remains after the lender is paid, it is distributed to beneficiaries.
• Once the loan is fully repaid, the life insurance policy is no longer used as collateral.

How a Collateral Assignment of Life Insurance Works

Collateral assignments make sure the lender gets paid only what they are due. The borrower must be the owner of the policy, but they do not have to be the insured person. And the policy must remain current for the life of the loan, with the policy owner continuing to pay all premiums . You can use either term or whole life insurance policy as collateral, but the death benefit must meet the lender's terms.

A permanent life insurance policy with a cash value allows the lender access to the cash value to use as loan payment if the borrower defaults. Many lenders don't accept term life insurance policies as collateral because they do not accumulate cash value.

Alternately, the policy owner's access to the cash value is restricted to protect the collateral. If the loan is repaid before the borrower's death, the assignment is removed, and the lender is no longer the beneficiary of the death benefit.

Insurance companies must be notified of the collateral assignment of a policy. However, other than their obligation to meet the terms of the contract, they are not involved in the agreement.

Example of Collateral Assignment of Life Insurance

For example, say you have a business plan for a floral shop and need a $50,000 loan to get started. When you apply for the loan, the bank says you must have collateral in the form of a life insurance policy to back it up. You have a whole life insurance policy with a cash value of $65,000 and a death benefit of $300,000, which the bank accepts as collateral.

So, you then designate the bank as the policy's assignee until you repay the $50,000 loan. That way, the bank can ensure it will be repaid the funds it lent you, even if you died. In this case, because the cash value and death benefit is more than what you owe the lender, your beneficiaries would still inherit money.

Alternatives to Collateral Assignment of Life Insurance

Using a collateral assignment to secure a business loan can help you access the funds you need to start or grow your business. However, you would be at risk of losing your life insurance policy if you defaulted on the loan, meaning your beneficiaries may not receive the money you'd planned for them to inherit.

Consult with a financial advisor to discuss whether a collateral assignment or one of these alternatives may be most appropriate for your financial situation.

Life insurance loan (policy loan) : If you already have a life insurance policy with a cash value, you can likely borrow against it. Policy loans are not taxed and have less stringent requirements such as no credit or income checks. However, this option would not work if you do not already have a permanent life insurance policy because the cash value component takes time to build.

Surrendering your policy : You can also surrender your policy to access any cash value you've built up. However, your beneficiaries would no longer receive a death benefit.

Other loan types : Finally, you can apply for other loans, such as a personal loan, that do not require life insurance as collateral. You could use loans that rely on other types of collateral, such as a home equity loan that uses your home equity.

What Are the Benefits of Collateral Assignment of Life Insurance?

A collateral assignment of a life insurance policy may be required if you need a business loan. Lenders typically require life insurance as collateral for business loans because they guarantee repayment if the borrower dies. A policy with cash value can guarantee repayment if the borrower defaults.

What Kind of Life Insurance Can Be Used for Collateral?

You can typically use any type of life insurance policy as collateral for a business loan, depending on the lender's requirements. A permanent life insurance policy with a cash value allows the lender a source of funds to use if the borrower defaults. Some lenders may not accept term life insurance policies, which have no cash value. The lender will typically require the death benefit be a certain amount, depending on your loan size.

Is Collateral Assignment of Life Insurance Irrevocable?

A collateral assignment of life insurance is irrevocable. So, the policyholder may not use the cash value of a life insurance policy dedicated toward collateral for a loan until that loan has been repaid.

What is the Difference Between an Assignment and a Collateral Assignment?

With an absolute assignment , the entire ownership of the policy would be transferred to the assignee, or the lender. Then, the lender would be entitled to the full death benefit. With a collateral assignment, the lender is only entitled to the balance of the outstanding loan.

The Bottom Line

If you are applying for life insurance to secure your own business loan, remember you do not need to make the lender the beneficiary. Instead you can use a collateral assignment. Consult a financial advisor or insurance broker who can walk you through the process and explain its pros and cons as they apply to your situation.

Progressive. " Collateral Assignment of Life Insurance ."

Fidelity Life. " What Is a Collateral Assignment of a Life Insurance Policy? "

Kansas Legislative Research Department. " Collateral Assignment of Life Insurance Proceeds ."

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What Is Collateral Assignment of Life Insurance?

Collateral assignment of life insurance designates a lender as the assignee of a policy, granting them the right to part or all of the death benefit until the loan is repaid.

Nathan Paulus

Director of Content Marketing, MoneyGeek

Nathan Paulus is the Head of Content Marketing at MoneyGeek, with nearly 10 years of experience researching and creating content related to personal finance and financial literacy. Paulus has a bachelor's degree in English from the University of St. Thomas, Houston. He enjoys helping people from all walks of life build stronger financial foundations.

Casie McCoskey

Content Editor

Casie McCoskey is a professional editor passionate about providing people with accessible information on personal finance. Before MoneyGeek, she worked in the legal field, drafting and editing briefs and motions.

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MoneyGeek is dedicated to providing trustworthy information to help you make informed financial decisions. Each article is edited, fact-checked and reviewed by industry professionals to ensure quality and accuracy.

Updated: June 5, 2024

• How It Works
• Overview of Application Process

Pros and Cons

• Impact on Beneficiaries
• Alternatives

Related Content

Advertising & Editorial Disclosure

Collateral assignment of life insurance is an arrangement where a policyholder uses the face value of their life insurance policy, which can be a term or permanent life insurance policy, as collateral to secure a loan. If the policyholder dies before they pay off the loan, the lender is prioritized to receive a portion of the death benefit equivalent to the outstanding loan balance. The remaining benefit then goes to the policy's beneficiaries. This agreement ensures that life insurance collateral assignment acts as a safety net for both the lender and the beneficiaries.

• Collateral assignment involves using a life insurance policy as security for a loan, where the lender has a claim on the death benefit if the borrower defaults or passes away before repaying the loan.
• The lender receives priority over the death benefit, which means they are paid first from the policy's payout before any beneficiaries if the loan remains unpaid.
• Various life insurance policies, including term, whole and universal, can be used for collateral assignment, depending on the insurance company's policies and the policy's value.
• If a life insurance policy lapses or is canceled during a collateral assignment, it can breach the loan agreement, potentially resulting in immediate repayment demands.

How Collateral Assignment of Life Insurance Works

The collateral assignment allows you to use your life insurance policy as security for a loan. The process involves legally designating your policy as collateral, which means if you pass away before fully repaying the loan, the lender can claim the death benefit to cover the remaining balance. You start by choosing either a term policy or whole life insurance and then complete a collateral assignment agreement. This agreement is legally binding and sets the terms for the lender to access the death benefit .

For your beneficiaries, the assignment of your life insurance policy as collateral could reduce the death benefit they receive. If you die with an outstanding loan balance, the lender is paid first from the policy's proceeds. Any remaining amount goes to your beneficiaries only after the loan is settled.

For example, a policyholder with a $500,000 policy uses their life insurance as collateral for a $200,000 loan. If the policyholder dies before settling the loan, the lender will receive $200,000 from the policy's death benefit. Meanwhile, the remaining $300,000 gets disbursed to the policy's beneficiaries.

Roles of the Policyholder, Lender and Insurance Provider

Role of the Policyholder

• Ensure consistent premium payments to keep the policy active and in force.
• Inform the lender of any policy changes, such as lapses or surrenders.
• Understand that active management upholds the collateral agreement's integrity.

Role of the Lender

• Accept the life insurance policy as collateral.
• Right to recover owed amounts from the policy's death benefit if the policyholder dies before loan repayment.
• Priority claim on the death benefit, with remaining funds disbursed to beneficiaries.
• Responsible for releasing the assignment after full loan repayment.

Role of the Insurance Provider

• Approve or reject the collateral assignment of the policy.
• Evaluate and ensure compliance with policy terms.
• Officially record the assignment as part of the policy.

Applying for Collateral Assignment

Applying for collateral assignment is a process moderated by your life insurance company designed to secure loans using your life insurance policy as collateral. It involves a series of steps:

Obtain a Collateral Assignment Form

Request a collateral assignment form from your life insurance provider. This form is vital for designating the lender as a collateral beneficiary for the loan amount. Ensure you obtain the correct form, as forms vary based on policy type and insurer.

Fill Out the Form Correctly

Complete the form with accurate details, including policy number, loan amount and lender information. Pay close attention to all sections to avoid errors that could delay or invalidate the assignment. Incomplete or incorrect information can lead to processing delays or rejection.

Sign the Paperwork

Ensure both the policyholder and lender sign the form, confirming the agreement. This dual signature legally binds both parties to the terms of the collateral assignment. Any discrepancy in signatures may question the form's validity.

Submit the Completed Form

Submit the signed form back to the insurance company for processing. Consider using a traceable delivery method for submission to confirm receipt. Delays in submission can impact the timeline of the loan approval process.

Await Approval or Rejection From the Insurance Company

Wait for the insurer to review and approve or reject the collateral assignment. The insurer may request additional information or clarification, which can extend the approval timeline.

Receive a Letter of Acknowledgment

You and your lender will receive a letter of acknowledgment from the insurer if your collateral assignment application is approved.

Obtaining Required Documentation

The required documentation for collateral assignment of life insurance is straightforward. Typically, you'll need to provide two main types of documents for the assignment of a life insurance policy as collateral:

• Collateral Assignment Form: This form is critical because it officially transfers a portion of your life insurance policy benefits to the lender as collateral. It demonstrates to the lender that you have taken the steps to secure your loan against your life insurance policy.
• Original Life Insurance Policy and Proof of Loan: Lenders may require your original life insurance policy to ensure it is valid and enforceable. Proof of the loan agreement or obligation, such as a mortgage note or other loan document, is also commonly required. This establishes the legitimacy of your loan and substantiates the life insurance collateral assignment.

If you need more clarification about documentation requirements, contact your lender to confirm the necessary details to avoid process delays.

Pros and Cons of Collateral Assignment

Using life insurance as collateral can offer a range of benefits and potential drawbacks. Collateral assignment of a policy allows you to secure loans and is often safer than using physical assets as collateral. However, you should also note the inherent risks, primarily that the lender retains the first right to your policy’s death benefit upon your death.

• Lower interest rates on loans.
• Allows you to use the policy and not physical assets as collateral.
• The cash value of your insurance policy continues to grow.
• The lender has the first right to the death benefit.
• Failure to repay the loan can reduce or even eliminate the death benefit.
• Any lapse or cancellation of the policy may lead to violating the loan terms.

Impact of Collateral Assignment on Beneficiaries

While the collateral assignment of life insurance has its benefits, it’s important to remember that it can impact the amount your beneficiaries receive. If you pass away with an outstanding balance on your loan:

Your Lender Will Be Paid First

In the collateral assignment arrangement, the lender is designated as the collateral beneficiary holding the primary claim to the death benefit for the outstanding loan amount. This means if you pass away before fully repaying the loan, the lender is entitled to receive payment from the death benefit first. The amount collected by the lender is limited to the remaining loan balance.

Any Remaining Death Benefit Will Be Disbursed to Your Beneficiaries

After the lender's claim is satisfied, the remaining death benefit is disbursed to your policy’s designated beneficiaries. The amount they receive depends on the loan balance at the time of your death. If the loan balance is substantial, your beneficiaries will receive significantly less than the policy's total death benefit.

This structure underscores the importance of carefully considering life insurance collateral loans and their impact on future financial planning. Policyholders using life insurance as collateral need to understand the terms set forth by loan companies that accept it.

Alternatives to Collateral Assignment

Alternatives to collateral assignment include personal loans , home equity loans or surrendering the life insurance policy for its cash value. None of these options require using life insurance as collateral, and each offers different benefits and risks compared to using life insurance as collateral.

FAQ About Collateral Assignment

These questions cover various topics related to collateral assignments, including their requirements, implications for beneficiaries and what happens in different scenarios.

A collateral assignment is a contractual arrangement in which a borrower uses their life insurance policy as collateral for a loan. This agreement grants the lender rights to the policy’s death benefit. The lender is prioritized over other beneficiaries until the loan is repaid in full.

In the context of a life insurance collateral assignment, the collateral is the policy's death benefit. This setup allows lenders to be listed as collateral beneficiaries, guaranteeing that they can recover the outstanding loan balance from the death benefit in the event of the borrower’s death before the debt is fully paid.

In a life insurance contract, a collateral assignment allocates the policy's death benefit as security for a loan. This means that if the borrower dies before repaying the loan, the lender, as the collateral assignee of the life insurance, can claim the owed amount from the death benefit. The remaining balance, if any, goes to the designated beneficiaries, ensuring the loan is covered without affecting other assets.

Collateral assignment allows a lender to claim the life insurance death benefit for an outstanding loan amount while naming a life insurance beneficiary designated who receives the death benefit. The lender's claim is prioritized over the beneficiaries' in collateral assignment.

Most types of life insurance policies , including term, whole and universal life, can be used for collateral assignment, provided the insurance company allows it and the policy has sufficient value.

Yes, the policyholder can change beneficiaries after a collateral assignment, but the lender's right to the death benefit amount remains until the loan is repaid. This ensures the lender's position as a collateral beneficiary.

Canceling your life insurance policy before repaying the debt can lead to a breach of the collateral assignment loan agreement. This action may prompt the lender to increase your interest rate or demand immediate repayment of the outstanding loan balance.

These related sections offer additional insights into concepts and alternatives connected to collateral assignments and life insurance:

Using Collateral for a Personal Loan — This link explains how to use various types of collateral for securing a personal loan, providing a broader context to the specific use of life insurance as collateral.

Term vs. Permanent Life Insurance — This resource compares term and permanent life insurance, helping to understand which policies can be used for collateral assignments.

Permanent Life Insurance — This page details permanent life insurance, a type commonly used in collateral assignments due to its cash value component.

Life Insurance Calculator — This page helps you calculate the appropriate amount of life insurance coverage needed, which is crucial when considering using a policy for collateral.

About Nathan Paulus

Nathan Paulus is the Head of Content Marketing at MoneyGeek, with nearly 10 years of experience researching and creating content related to personal finance and financial literacy.

Paulus has a bachelor's degree in English from the University of St. Thomas, Houston. He enjoys helping people from all walks of life build stronger financial foundations.

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Home > Finance > What Is Collateral Assignment Of Life Insurance

What Is Collateral Assignment Of Life Insurance

Published: November 22, 2023

Discover the benefits of collateral assignment of life insurance and how it can impact your finance. Gain valuable insights into this powerful financial strategy.

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Table of Contents

Introduction, definition of collateral assignment of life insurance, how collateral assignment works, reasons for using collateral assignment of life insurance, benefits and drawbacks of collateral assignment of life insurance, comparison with other forms of collateral, examples of collateral assignment of life insurance, important considerations before using collateral assignment.

When it comes to securing a loan, financial institutions often require borrowers to provide collateral as a form of security. Collateral helps mitigate the lender’s risk by providing an asset that can be seized and sold in the event of default. While real estate and vehicles are common forms of collateral, there is another valuable asset that can be used – life insurance.

In the world of finance, the collateral assignment of life insurance has gained popularity as a means of securing loans. This unique strategy allows borrowers to use the cash value or death benefit of their life insurance policy as collateral. By assigning the policy to the lender, the borrower can provide an additional layer of security while retaining ownership and control of the policy.

In this article, we will delve into the concept of collateral assignment of life insurance, understanding how it works, the reasons for using it, the benefits and drawbacks, as well as important considerations to keep in mind.

Additionally, we will compare collateral assignment with other forms of collateral and provide real-life examples to illustrate its practical application in various scenarios.

Before we proceed, it’s important to note that the details of collateral assignment can vary depending on the jurisdiction and terms of the insurance policy. It’s crucial for borrowers and policyholders to consult with their financial advisors and insurance providers to ensure they fully understand the implications and requirements of utilizing collateral assignment of life insurance.

Collateral assignment of life insurance refers to the process of using a life insurance policy as collateral for a loan or other financial obligation. When a borrower assigns their life insurance policy as collateral, they transfer a portion or all of their rights and benefits from the policy to the lender. This arrangement provides the lender with a form of security in case the borrower defaults on the loan.

Under a collateral assignment, the policyholder retains ownership of the policy and continues to pay the premiums. The assignee, typically the lender, receives the right to the policy’s cash value or death benefit as a means of recovering the outstanding debt in the event of default.

To create a collateral assignment, a written agreement known as a collateral assignment agreement is usually required. This agreement outlines the specifics of the assignment, including the amount of coverage assigned, the rights of the assignee, and the conditions for release of the collateral upon repayment of the loan.

It’s important to note that the collateral assignment of life insurance does not cancel or terminate the policy. The policy remains in force, and the beneficiary designation typically remains unchanged. In the event of the policyholder’s death, the death benefit is paid out as specified in the original policy contract.

It’s also worth mentioning that there are two types of collateral assignments for life insurance: outright assignment and conditional assignment. An outright assignment transfers all the policy rights and benefits to the assignee for the duration of the loan, while a conditional assignment only grants the assignee access to the policy’s value or death benefit if certain conditions, such as default on the loan, occur.

Now that we have a clear understanding of collateral assignment of life insurance, let’s explore how this process works in practice.

The process of collateral assignment of life insurance involves several steps and considerations. Here’s how it generally works:

• Evaluation of Loan Eligibility: The borrower applies for a loan and undergoes the usual evaluation process. The lender assesses the borrower’s creditworthiness, income, and other factors to determine loan eligibility.
• Identification of Collateral Options: If the lender requires collateral to secure the loan, the borrower explores different options. Life insurance policies with cash value or death benefits can be considered as potential collateral.
• Insurance Policy Examination: The borrower reviews their life insurance policy to determine the available cash value and death benefit. This information helps both the borrower and the lender assess the suitability of collateral assignment.
• Collateral Assignment Agreement: Once both parties agree to move forward with collateral assignment, a collateral assignment agreement is drafted. This agreement outlines the details of the assignment, including the amount of coverage assigned, the rights and obligations of the parties involved, and the conditions for release of the collateral.
• Notification to the Insurance Company: The borrower notifies their insurance company about the collateral assignment. The insurance company updates their records to reflect the assignee’s rights to the policy’s cash value or death benefit, as stipulated in the collateral assignment agreement.
• Ongoing Premium Payments: The borrower continues to pay the premiums on the life insurance policy to keep it active. Failure to do so could lead to policy termination and potentially affect the collateral assignment.
• Loan Repayment: The borrower is responsible for repaying the loan according to the terms and conditions set by the lender. If the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender has the right to access the assigned cash value or death benefit to recover the outstanding debt.
• Release of Collateral: Once the loan is fully repaid, the lender releases the collateral back to the borrower. At this point, the borrower regains full control and ownership of the life insurance policy.

It’s important to note that the process may vary slightly depending on the specific requirements of the lender and the insurance company. Additionally, the terms of the collateral assignment agreement will play a crucial role in determining the rights and obligations of both parties involved.

Now that we understand how collateral assignment works, let’s explore the reasons why individuals opt for this strategy.

Collateral assignment of life insurance can be a valuable tool for borrowers and lenders alike. Here are some reasons why individuals choose to use this strategy:

• Access to Financing: Collateral assignment allows individuals who may not have traditional forms of collateral, such as real estate or valuable assets, to access financing. By utilizing the cash value or death benefit of their life insurance policy, borrowers can secure loans for various purposes, such as business expansion, education expenses, or medical bills.
• Lower Interest Rates: Lenders may offer lower interest rates for loans secured by collateral. The added security provided by the life insurance policy reduces the lender’s risk exposure, resulting in more favorable terms for the borrower.
• Easier Loan Approval: Collateral assignment can make loan approval easier for borrowers with less-than-perfect credit or limited income. The presence of collateral can mitigate some of the perceived risks for lenders, increasing the chances of loan approval.
• Retention of Policy Ownership and Control: Unlike other forms of collateral, such as selling an asset outright, collateral assignment of life insurance allows borrowers to retain ownership and control over their policy. They can continue to name beneficiaries, make changes to the policy, and access the policy’s cash value as needed, as long as the loan obligations are being met.
• Preservation of Policy Benefits: Assigning collateral does not cancel the life insurance policy. The original policy benefits, such as death benefit payouts, remain intact for the beneficiaries. This ensures that loved ones are financially protected in case of the policyholder’s untimely passing.
• Flexibility and Versatility: Collateral assignment can be used with various types of life insurance policies, including both permanent (whole life, universal life) and term life insurance. This provides borrowers with the flexibility to choose a policy that aligns with their financial goals and needs.

It’s important for borrowers to carefully evaluate their financial situation and assess whether collateral assignment is the right option for their needs. Taking into account the benefits and drawbacks of collateral assignment, as well as comparing it with alternative forms of collateral, can help borrowers make informed decisions.

Next, let’s explore the advantages and disadvantages of collateral assignment of life insurance.

Collateral assignment of life insurance offers several benefits and drawbacks for borrowers and lenders. Understanding these advantages and disadvantages can help individuals make informed decisions about utilizing this strategy. Let’s explore them:

• Improved Loan Terms: By offering collateral in the form of a life insurance policy, borrowers can often secure loans with better interest rates and terms compared to unsecured loans.
• Access to Higher Loan Amounts: Collateral assignment can help borrowers access higher loan amounts based on the value of their life insurance policy. This can be particularly beneficial for larger expenses or investments.
• Retain Policy Ownership: Collateral assignment allows borrowers to retain ownership and control of their life insurance policy. They can continue to make changes to the policy and access its benefits, such as cash value, while meeting loan obligations.
• Preservation of Policy Benefits: The life insurance policy’s original benefits, such as death benefit payouts, remain intact for the beneficiaries. This ensures that loved ones are financially protected, even if the policy is assigned as collateral.
• Flexibility and Versatility: Collateral assignment can be used with different types of life insurance policies, providing borrowers with flexibility in choosing a policy that suits their needs and financial goals.
• Reduced Cash Value and Benefit: Assigning collateral may restrict access to the policy’s cash value and limit the death benefit available to the policyholder during the loan term.
• Policy Termination Risk: If the borrower fails to meet the loan obligations or defaults, the policy may be terminated, leading to loss of coverage and potential financial consequences.
• Potential Loan Default Consequences: In the event of loan default, the lender can access the assigned cash value or death benefit, potentially impacting the financial protection for the borrower’s beneficiaries.
• Complexity and Administrative Requirements: Collateral assignment involves paperwork and administrative tasks, including drafting and executing a collateral assignment agreement, notifying the insurance company, and ensuring ongoing premium payments.
• Limitations on Policy Modifications: Depending on the terms of the collateral assignment agreement, borrowers may have restrictions on making changes to the policy, such as reducing coverage or surrendering the policy.

It’s essential for borrowers to carefully consider these benefits and drawbacks in the context of their specific financial situation and goals. Consulting with financial advisors and insurance professionals can provide valuable guidance to make an informed decision.

Next, let’s compare collateral assignment of life insurance with other forms of collateral to better understand its advantages and limitations.

Collateral assignment of life insurance offers distinct advantages and considerations compared to other forms of collateral. Let’s compare it to some common forms of collateral:

Real Estate:

Real estate is a traditional form of collateral widely used in lending. While real estate offers the potential for long-term appreciation, it can be financially burdensome due to property taxes, maintenance costs, and market fluctuations. Moreover, using real estate as collateral may involve complex legal processes and lengthy evaluation periods. In contrast, collateral assignment of life insurance provides a quicker and more straightforward solution, especially for those without real estate assets.

Vehicles are another common form of collateral. While they are easily identifiable and possess monetary value, vehicles depreciate over time. Additionally, vehicles require ongoing maintenance and are subject to wear and tear. Unlike vehicles, a life insurance policy’s value is not dependent on physical assets, making it an attractive option for those who do not own valuable vehicles or wish to preserve their vehicle’s daily utility.

Securities:

Securities, such as stocks or bonds, can be used as collateral. However, they are subject to market volatility, and their value can fluctuate considerably. Additionally, using securities as collateral may require transferring ownership or creating a margin account, which can involve additional fees and restrictions. Collateral assignment of life insurance offers stability, as the policy’s cash value remains relatively secure, regardless of market conditions.

Savings Accounts:

Savings accounts or certificates of deposit (CDs) can be used as collateral, providing a low-risk option for lenders. However, tying up savings in collateral may limit accessibility to those funds and reduce financial flexibility. Collateral assignment of life insurance can offer an alternative solution, allowing borrowers to access funds while keeping their savings intact.

It’s important to note that the suitability of collateral assignment versus other forms of collateral may depend on an individual’s unique circumstances and preferences. Assessing the advantages, drawbacks, and requirements of different collateral options is crucial in determining the best choice for a particular situation.

Next, let’s explore some practical examples of collateral assignment of life insurance to illustrate its application in real-life scenarios.

Collateral assignment of life insurance can be used in various real-life situations to secure loans and meet financial obligations. Here are a few examples:

1. Small Business Loan: A small business owner requires capital to expand their operations. Instead of offering personal assets or seeking a business loan without collateral, they choose to assign the cash value of their life insurance policy as collateral. This allows them to access favorable loan terms and maintain ownership of their life insurance policy while growing their business.

2. Education Financing: A parent wants to fund their child’s college education but does not have sufficient savings or assets to provide as collateral. By assigning the death benefit of their life insurance policy as collateral, the parent can secure a loan to cover tuition and other educational expenses. This approach allows them to borrow at lower interest rates and preserve their other assets for future needs.

3. Medical Expenses: A borrower faces unexpected medical expenses that are not fully covered by insurance. They assign the cash value of their life insurance policy as collateral to secure a loan and cover the medical bills. This enables them to get the necessary treatment without depleting their savings or incurring high-interest debt.

4. Estate Planning: An individual wants to ensure their loved ones are adequately provided for in case of their untimely passing. They assign the death benefit of their life insurance policy as collateral to secure a loan and establish an estate plan. This allows them to create a tax-efficient strategy while providing immediate financial support to their beneficiaries.

5. Debt Consolidation: A borrower has multiple outstanding debts with high-interest rates. They decide to assign the cash value of their life insurance policy as collateral to secure a consolidation loan. This allows them to combine their debts into a single loan with more favorable terms, such as lower interest rates and manageable monthly payments.

These examples demonstrate the versatility and practicality of collateral assignment of life insurance in various financial scenarios. It provides a viable option for individuals and businesses to access funds, manage expenses, and meet financial goals while leveraging the financial protection provided by their life insurance policies.

Before pursuing collateral assignment, it’s crucial to thoroughly understand the terms and conditions of the loan and collateral assignment agreement. Seeking guidance from financial advisors and insurance professionals can help borrowers make informed decisions and ensure the best outcome for their specific circumstances.

In the next section, we will explore important considerations that individuals should keep in mind before using collateral assignment of life insurance.

Before deciding to use collateral assignment of life insurance, it is essential to consider the following factors:

Loan Terms and Repayment:

Thoroughly review the terms and conditions of the loan, including the interest rate, repayment period, and any associated fees. Determine if the loan terms align with your financial capabilities and goals. It’s crucial to have a clear understanding of the repayment schedule and ensure it is manageable within your budget.

Impact on Policy Benefits:

Understand how assigning collateral will affect your life insurance policy. Evaluate the potential impact on the policy’s cash value, death benefit, and other policy features. Determine if the reduction in benefits is acceptable in relation to the loan amount and the financial protection provided to your beneficiaries.

Insurance Policy Review:

Review your life insurance policy in detail to understand its provisions, restrictions, and rights. Familiarize yourself with the policy’s cash value accumulation, surrender charges, and any other contractual obligations. Ensure that the policy is eligible for collateral assignment and that you comply with all requirements set by the insurance company.

Risk of Policy Termination:

Be aware that failing to meet loan obligations can result in policy termination, potentially leaving you without coverage and potential financial consequences. Consider your ability to meet the loan payments and have a contingency plan in case of unforeseen circumstances to mitigate this risk.

Professional Guidance:

Seek advice from financial advisors and insurance professionals who can provide insight into the pros and cons of collateral assignment of life insurance. They can help you evaluate your specific needs, assess the impact on your financial situation, and explore alternative options that may better suit your circumstances.

Legal and Tax Implications:

Understand the legal and tax implications associated with collateral assignment based on your jurisdiction. Consult with legal and tax professionals to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Be aware of any potential tax consequences, such as potential taxable events or changes in the insurance policy’s tax status.

By carefully considering these factors, you can make an informed decision about whether collateral assignment of life insurance is the right strategy for your financial needs. It’s important to conduct thorough research, weigh the benefits and drawbacks, and consult with professionals to ensure you are making the best choice for your individual circumstances.

In the concluding section, we will summarize the key points and emphasize the significance of due diligence when utilizing collateral assignment of life insurance.

Collateral assignment of life insurance can be a valuable tool for borrowers and lenders seeking to secure loans and meet financial obligations. By leveraging the cash value or death benefit of a life insurance policy, individuals can access financing with favorable terms and retain ownership and control over their policy.

However, utilizing collateral assignment requires careful consideration and due diligence. It is essential to assess the benefits and drawbacks, compare it with alternative forms of collateral, and evaluate its impact on policy benefits and repayment obligations. Seeking guidance from financial advisors and insurance professionals is crucial to ensure informed decision-making and a thorough understanding of the process and implications.

Understanding the terms and conditions of the loan, the collateral assignment agreement, and the policy itself is paramount. Regular reviews of the insurance policy and ongoing premium payments are necessary to maintain coverage and prevent policy termination. Additionally, individuals should stay aware of legal, tax, and compliance requirements associated with collateral assignment based on their jurisdiction.

By responsibly utilizing collateral assignment, individuals can access financing for various purposes while protecting their loved ones through the preservation of policy benefits. This strategy offers flexibility and versatility, allowing borrowers to meet their financial goals without sacrificing ownership and control of their life insurance policies.

Ultimately, the decision to use collateral assignment of life insurance should align with individual financial goals and risk tolerance. With careful planning, proper guidance, and a thorough understanding of the process, collateral assignment can be a valuable tool in managing finances and achieving financial objectives.

It’s important to always consult with professionals and conduct thorough research before proceeding with collateral assignment of life insurance to ensure the best outcome for your specific circumstances.

How Is Collateral Assignment Used In A Life Insurance Contract?

How Is A Collateral Assignment Used In A Life Insurance Contract?

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What Is Collateral Assignment (of a Life Insurance Policy)?

Meredith Mangan is a senior editor for The Balance, focusing on insurance product reviews. She brings to the job 15 years of experience in finance, media, and financial markets. Prior to her editing career, Meredith was a licensed financial advisor and a licensed insurance agent in accident and health, variable, and life contracts. Meredith also spent five years as the managing editor for Money Crashers.

Definition and Examples of Collateral Assignment

How collateral assignment works, alternatives to collateral assignment.

Kilito Chan / Getty Images

If you assign your life insurance contract as collateral for a loan, you give the lender the right to collect from the policy’s cash value or death benefit in two circumstances. One is if you stop making payments; the other is if you die before the loan is repaid. Securing a loan with life insurance reduces the lender’s risk, which improves your chances of qualifying for the loan.

Before moving forward with a collateral assignment, learn how the process works, how it impacts your policy, and possible alternatives.

Collateral assignment is the practice of using a life insurance policy as collateral for a loan . Collateral is any asset that your lender can take if you default on the loan.

For example, you might apply for a $25,000 loan to start a business. But your lender is unwilling to approve the loan without sufficient collateral. If you have a permanent life insurance policy with a cash value of $40,000 and a death benefit of $300,000, you could use that life insurance policy to collateralize the loan. Via collateral assignment of your policy, you authorize the insurance company to give the lender the amount you owe if you’re unable to keep up with payments (or if you die before repaying the loan).

Lenders have two ways to collect under a collateral assignment arrangement:

• If you die, the lender gets a portion of the death benefit—up to your remaining loan balance.
• With permanent insurance policies, the lender can surrender your life insurance policy in order to access the cash value if you stop making payments.

Lenders are only entitled to the amount you owe, and are not generally named as beneficiaries on the policy. If your cash value or the death benefit exceeds your outstanding loan balance, the remaining money belongs to you or your beneficiaries.

Whenever lenders approve a loan, they can’t be certain that you’ll repay. Your credit history is an indicator, but sometimes lenders want additional security. Plus, surprises happen, and even those with the strongest credit profiles can die unexpectedly.

Assigning a life insurance policy as collateral gives lenders yet another way to secure their interests and can make approval easier for borrowers.

Types of Life Insurance Collateral

Life insurance falls into two broad categories: permanent insurance and term insurance . You can use both types of insurance for a collateral assignment, but lenders may prefer that you use permanent insurance.

• Permanent insurance : Permanent insurance, such as universal and whole life insurance, is lifelong insurance coverage that contains a cash value. If you default on the loan, lenders can surrender your policy and use that cash value to pay down the balance. If you die, the lender has a right to the death benefit, up to the amount you still owe.
• Term insurance : Term insurance provides a death benefit, but coverage is limited to a certain number of years (20 or 30, for example). Since there’s no cash value in these policies, they only protect your lender if you die before the debt is repaid. The duration of a term policy used as collateral needs to be at least as long as your loan term.

A Note on Annuities

You may also be able to use an annuity as collateral for a bank loan. The process is similar to using a life insurance policy, but there is one key difference to be aware of. Any amount assigned as collateral in an annuity is treated as a distribution for tax purposes. In other words, the amount assigned will be taxed as income up to the amount of any gain in the contract, and may be subject to an additional 10% tax if you’re under 59 ½.

A collateral assignment is similar to a lien on your home . Somebody else has a financial interest in your property, but you keep ownership of it.

The Process

To use life insurance as collateral, the lender must be willing to accept a collateral assignment. When that’s the case, the policy owner, or “assignor,” submits a form to the insurance company to establish the arrangement. That form includes information about the lender, or “assignee,” and details about the lender’s and borrower’s rights.

Policy owners generally have control over policies. They may cancel or surrender coverage, change beneficiaries, or assign the contract as collateral. But if the policy has an irrevocable beneficiary, that beneficiary will need to approve any collateral assignment.

State laws typically require you to notify the insurer that you intend to pledge your insurance policy as collateral, and you must do so in writing. In practice, most insurers have specific forms that detail the terms of your assignment.

Some lenders might require you to get a new policy to secure a loan, but others allow you to add a collateral assignment to an existing policy. After submitting your form, it can take 24 to 48 hours for the assignment to go into effect.

Lenders Get Paid First

If you die and the policy pays a death benefit , the lender receives the amount you owe first. Your beneficiaries get any remaining funds once the lender is paid. In other words, your lender takes priority over your beneficiaries when you use this strategy. Be sure to consider the impact on your beneficiaries before you complete a collateral assignment.

After you repay your loan, your lender does not have any right to your life insurance policy, and you can request that the lender release the assignment. Your life insurance company should have a form for that. However, if a lender pays premiums to keep your policy in force, the lender may add those premium payments (plus interest) to your total debt—and collect that extra money.

There may be several other ways for you to get approved for a loan—with or without life insurance:

• Surrender a policy : If you have a cash value life insurance policy that you no longer need, you could potentially surrender the policy and use the cash value. Doing so might prevent the need to borrow, or you might borrow substantially less. However, surrendering a policy ends your coverage, meaning your beneficiaries will not get a death benefit. Also, you’ll likely owe taxes on any gains.
• Borrow from your policy : You may be able to borrow against the cash value in your permanent life insurance policy to get the funds you need. This approach could eliminate the need to work with a traditional lender, and creditworthiness would not be an issue. But borrowing can be risky, as any unpaid loan balance reduces the amount your beneficiaries receive. Plus, over time, deductions for the cost of insurance and compounding loan interest may negate your cash value and the policy could lapse, so it’s critical to monitor.
• Consider other solutions : You may have other options unrelated to a life insurance policy. For example, you could use the equity in your home as collateral for a loan, but you could lose your home in foreclosure if you can’t make the payments. A co-signer could also help you qualify, although the co-signer takes a significant risk by guaranteeing your loan.

Key Takeaways

• Life insurance can help you get approved for a loan when you use a collateral assignment.
• If you die, your lender receives the amount you owe, and your beneficiaries get any remaining death benefit.
• With permanent insurance, your lender can cash out your policy to pay down your loan balance.
• An annuity can be used as collateral for a loan but may not be a good idea because of tax consequences.
• Other strategies can help you get approved without putting your life insurance coverage at risk.

NYSBA. " Life Insurance and Annuity Contracts Within and Without Tax Qualified Retirement Plans and Life Insurance Trusts ." Accessed April 12, 2021.

IRS. " Publication 575 (2020), Pension and Annuity Income ." Accessed April 12, 2021.

Practical Law. " Security Interests: Life Insurance Policies ." Accessed April 12, 2021.

What Is A Collateral Assignment Of Life Insurance?

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A collateral assignment is sometimes a necessity if you’re applying for larger financing amounts such as a mortgage or business loan.

But what is a collateral assignment and how do you go about getting it on your life insurance policy? 

In this article, we’ll cover what collateral assignment is, how you can add it to your life insurance, and what alternatives there are out there. 

What Is Collateral Assignment? 

A collateral assignment is a process by which a person uses their life insurance policy as collateral for a secured loan.

In simple terms, collateral assignment is reassigning priorities for who gets paid the death benefit of your life insurance policy.

What Is a death benefit?

A death benefit or face value of a life insurance contract is the amount of money that your beneficiaries will receive from your policy when you die.

Once you apply for collateral assignment and it’s approved, your specified debtor (the loan provider) will be paid first and then your beneficiaries will receive what is left over in your life insurance policy.

This is different from using your cash value to loan money as you are taking out a loan from another financial institution and using your policy as a guarantee that you’ll cover any debt when you die. 

For example, let’s say you want to take out a secured loan from your local bank and want to use your life insurance policy as a collateral assignment.

In this situation, you’d still have to pay back any debt you have with interest during the loan period. 

However, the life insurance policy would be used if the borrower dies and there was an outstanding loan balance remaining. 

Secured Loans vs. Unsecured Loans

Secured loans are debts that are backed by assets that a lender can claim if the debt isn’t repaid. These types of loans often offer better interest rates and more generous payment terms.

Unsecured loans are debts that don’t have collateral. These types of loans are more expensive to repay and considered riskier than secured loans.

Source: Pexels

How Does Applying for Collateral Assignment Work?

The process for getting collateral assignments for life insurance is the same as when you apply for new life insurance coverage. 

All you’ll be doing is indicating to your life insurance provider that your lender will be given priority for the amount of money you have borrowed through them.

There is an:

Application process.

Underwriting process.

Offer that you’ll receive.

You’ll be required to name beneficiaries as well as indicate ownership of the life insurance policy in the collateral assignment form which will be provided by your life insurance company.

This is because you’re changing the terms of your payout and your life insurance provider will need to follow these instructions once you die.

NB Some insurance companies don’t offer collateral assignment on new loans and generally only provide this feature to an existing life insurance policy.

You should check beforehand to see what will be required to apply for a collateral assignment. If you need help finding plans that offer this, send an email to a licensed insurance agent today.

Once you’ve assigned a new collateral assignee to your life insurance policy, they will be entitled to lay a claim on your death benefit for any debt you have with them.

For example, let’s say you take out a collateral assignment life insurance policy worth $200,000 for a loan of $75,000 over 7 years at an interest rate of 18%.

If you die after five years, based on these figures, you’ll still have $41,231.02 owed on your loan.

Your $200,000 life insurance plan will be used to cover this and your beneficiaries will receive the remaining $158 768.98 from your life insurance policy.

Your lender is only allowed to take the amount outstanding on the debt owed and cannot take more. 

What about Missed Payments and Cash Value Life Insurance?

If you have a permanent life policy with a cash value account, sometimes called cash value life insurance, your lender will have access to it to cover missed payments on your loan.

For example, let’s say you miss a payment on your loan and have a collateral assignment. Your lender will be able to access your cash value account and withdraw that month’s payment to cover your debt.

Who Can You Add as a Collateral Assignee?

You can add any person or institution as a collateral assignee to your life insurance policy if you owe them money.

This can include banks, lenders, private individuals, businesses, or credit card companies. 

The most common collateral assignments are for business loans and mortgages. This is because they are loans for high amounts that are paid off over several years. 

In fact, some banks and financial lenders may require that you add them as collateral assignees when you apply for any of the financing options mentioned below.

Common Collateral Assignees Include:

💵 Bank loans

💳 Credit cards

🏡 Mortgages

💼 Business loans

What Do I Do If I’ve Paid Off My Debt?

If you’ve managed to pay off your debt - firstly, congratulations! Secondly, you’ll want to notify your life insurance company that you’ll be changing your collateral assignments on your life policy.

While there is no legal claim that a company can make to debts that aren’t owed anymore, there may be a hold up in paying out the death benefit to your beneficiaries and other collateral assignees.

Life insurance companies will have to figure out who must be paid first, according to the order stated in your collateral assignment terms.

In general, life insurance policies will settle claims within 24 hours of being notified of a policyholder’s death.

The process can be delayed if you do not release your collateral assignees from your life insurance contract. 

Tips to Make Sure Your Life Policy Is Paid Out Quickly

Here are some tips if you want your beneficiary claims to be handled as fast as possible:

1) Keep a copy of your life insurance policy and policy number in a safe place or with your lawyer, financial advisor, or estate planner.

2) Speak to your beneficiaries about your policies and give them the contact details of the relevant life insurance company.

3) Make sure your life insurance contract is updated to reflect your latest list of beneficiaries.

4) Make sure you have your beneficiaries' details listed in the contract or with your lawyer.

The Benefits of Using Collateral Assignment of Life Insurance

While adding a collateral assignment to your current life insurance policy may require an application, paperwork, and time, there are benefits:

Many lenders like it: Banks and financial institutions sometimes prefer it when applicants use their life insurance policy as collateral for a loan. This is because they know that their debt will be serviced long-term by your insurance company which makes their loan to you a lower risk.

Your private property won’t be jeopardized: The last thing you want when you go into debt is to put your personal items, such as your car, investments, or home on the line as collateral. Using collateral assignment is an alternative to this and can protect you in the event that you can’t service your debt.

It can be affordable for some people: If you’re in good health and young, you may be paying affordable rates for permanent life cover. In situations like this, it can make sense to use your life cover as collateral for debts you’ve incurred.

What Are Some Alternatives to Collateral Assignment?

Term Life Insurance: Getting a term life insurance contract to cover specific debts is one way of ensuring your estate and family are protected when you die.

There are multiple types of term life insurance plans and they are more affordable than permanent life insurance. This makes options like level term life insurance and decreasing term life insurance ideal for different types of debts you may have over your lifetime.

What Is Term Life?

Term life is a temporary life coverage option that lasts for a specific period of time. It is different from permanent life insurance which lasts until you die or you stop paying premiums.

Term life contracts are typically between 5 to 20 years, however, you can get renewable term life plans and even a forty-year term life plan .

Borrow from your life insurance: If you have a permanent life insurance policy, such as universal, whole, or indexed life cover, you can borrow money from your cash value account. 

However, keep in mind that you’ll be required to pay interest on any amount that you borrow and any amount of debt incurred will be deducted from your policy’s death benefit when you die.

What Is Cash Value?

Cash value is a feature of permanent life insurance plans that policyholders can contribute additional money toward while they have a policy in force.

This money is set aside in a cash value account which is tax-deferred and can be used in a number of ways.

In some cases, if your policy allows it, you can end your contract and get the cash surrender value of it. This amount is usually much less than the value of your total life insurance contract. 

Our Verdict on Collateral Assignment

Many banks, lenders, and financial institutions want long-term guarantees that you’ll be able to service your debt if anything happens to you.

In some situations, getting collateral assignments on your life insurance to cover these debts is a good option for people who are trying to access finance from these institutions. 

However, there is a risk that your death benefit payout may be delayed for your beneficiaries if you don’t keep your different collateral assignees up to date.

If you already have a life insurance policy, you should contact your provider to find out what the process is and what you’ll need to do to change the collateral assignees on your policy.

If you don’t have a policy yet, our advice is to look at all of your options before you decide to take a permanent life insurance contract with a collateral assignment.

There are alternatives out there that are more affordable if you’re looking to protect your family and estate from debt.

Term life is one such option that is adaptable to your life and easy to get. 

For example, a decreasing term life insurance policy might be the right choice for someone who has recently bought a home and wants to cover their mortgage while they pay it back.

Another option is final expense insurance, which is a permanent life policy for smaller amounts, usually under $50,000.

With final expense insurance, your beneficiaries can pay for anything they want, including any debts you may have had in your life.

The process for applying is simple and you won't have to go through a medical exam or intensive underwriting as you would with traditional permanent life insurance. 

If you need any assistance with finding, comparing, or learning about the different life insurance options to cover your debts, speak to one of our expert advisors today at 1-888-912-2132 or [email protected] .

Where Can I Learn More about Life Insurance?

If you’re looking to learn more about life insurance, different kinds of coverage, or costs, visit our life insurance hub to find our latest articles.

We do the research so that you don’t have to and our articles cover complicated topics like what is a cash value account, what is key person insurance, or how long life insurance takes to pay out a death benefit.  

If you need help with quotes, try out a life insurance quote finder or reach out to us via email at [email protected] to get in touch with a licensed life insurance agent for your state.