phd new rules 2023

PhD not mandatory for Assistant Professors starting July; NET, SET, SLET main criteria

NEW DELHI: The University Grants Commission (UGC) announced on Wednesday that PhD will become optional to become an Assistant Professor. The UGC also announced that the National Eligibility Test (NET), State Eligibility Test (SET) and State Level Eligibility Test (SLET) would be the minimum criteria for direct recruitment to the post of Assistant Professor.

Taking to Twitter, UGC Chairman Prof M Jagadesh Kumar said that PhD qualification for appointment as an Assistant Professor would be optional from July 1, 2023.

"NET/SET/SLET shall be the minimum criteria for the direct recruitment to the post of Assistant Professor for all Higher Education Institutions," he said.

The UGC gazette notification dated June 30 said these regulations may now be called the 'University Grants Commission (Minimum Qualifications for Appointment of Teachers and other Academic Staff in Universities and Colleges and other Measures for the Maintenance of Standards in Higher Education) (2nd Amendment) Regulations, 2023.'

The notification said that amendments have been made to the 'University Grants Commission (Minimum Qualifications for Appointment of Teachers and other Academic Staff in Universities and Colleges and other Measures for the Maintenance of Standards in Higher Education) Regulations, 2018.'

Meanwhile, officials said that the final results of the UGC-NET exams will be out in the second week of August. The test determines the eligibility of aspirants for 'Assistant Professor' and 'Junior Research Fellowship and Assistant Professor' in Indian universities and colleges.

UGC-NET is being conducted by National Testing Agency (NTA) in Computer Based Test (CBT) mode from December 2018 onwards. The exams are conducted twice yearly - one in December and the other in June.

In 2021, UGC announced that PhD was not mandatory for the direct recruitment of Assistant Professors till July 2023.

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UGC Assistant Professor New Eligibility Criteria 2023: PhD Not Mandatory, NET/SET/SLET Minimum Qualification

Ugc assistant professor new eligibility criteria 2023: the ugc has announced ph.d. qualification for appointment as an assistant professor would be optional from july 1, 2023. net/set/slet shall be the minimum criteria for the direct recruitment to the post of assistant professor for all heis. check new ugc guidelines for assistant professor 2023..

UGC Assistant Professor Eligibility Criteria 2023: NET/SET/SLET Minimum Qualification

UGC Gazette Notification: Ph.D. qualification for appointment as an Assistant Professor would be optional from 01 July 2023. NET/SET/SLET shall be the minimum criteria for the direct recruitment to the post of Assistant Professor for all Higher Education Institutions. pic.twitter.com/DRtdP7sqOj — Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar (@mamidala90) July 5, 2023

The UGC Gazette states that “ NET/SET/SLET shall be the minimum criteria for the direct recruitment to the post of Assistant Professors for all Higher Education Institutions (HEIs).” This means that candidates who are applying for Assistant Professor positions after July 2023 will only need to meet the revised criteria.

Check UGC Professor of Practice 2023 Recruitment Registration Portal, Eligibility, Salary as per NEP 2020 Guidelines

UGC Chairman M Jagadesh Kumar expressed that the move will provide relief to aspiring candidates who wish to join academics. “If they clear NET/SET/SLET, they will become eligible to apply for the post of Assistant Professor in all higher education institutions (HEIs). However, depending on the number of applications in higher education institutions received in a given discipline, the shortlisting criteria can be fixed above the minimum standards set by UGC to invite a manageable number of candidates for the interview.”

UGC Made Ph.D. Optional, Not Mandatory for Appointment of Assistant Professors in HEIs

Is Ph.D. Mandatory for the post of Assistant Professor in Universities and Colleges? What UGC says? Can institutions raise the shortlisting criteria? pic.twitter.com/tZsh98ZQ1c — UGC INDIA (@ugc_india) July 5, 2023

NEW RULE - Now, University Grants Commission (Minimum Qualifications for Appointment of Teachers and other Academic Staff in Universities and Colleges and other Measures for the Maintenance of Standards in Higher Education) (2nd Amendment) Regulations, 2023 has instructed that Ph.D. qualification for appointment as an Assistant Professor would be optional with effect from July 1, 2023.

Is the NET Exam Compulsory for Assistant Professor Posts?

The NET Exams (UGC NET/ CSIR NET/ ICAR NET) are mandatory and compulsory if you want to be an Assistant Professor/Lecturer across India. According to the UGC rule, only the NET exams are the gateway or entry for becoming Assistant Professor. Ph.D. candidates are not exempted from appearing in UGC NET.

UGC NET Eligibility Criteria 2023: Guidelines for Assistant Professor

For SET Candidates: The candidates who have passed the States Eligibility Test (SET) accredited by UGC for Assistant Professor held prior to June 1, 2002, are exempted from participating in NET, and are eligible to apply for Assistant Professor anywhere in India. For SET held from 1st June 2002 onwards, the qualified candidates are eligible to apply for the Assistant Professor post only in the universities/colleges located in the State from where they have passed their SET.

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Q1. What are the eligibility criteria for Assistant Professor as per UGC? + NET/SET/SLET shall be the minimum criteria for the direct recruitment to the post of Assistant Professors for all Higher Education Institutions (HEIs).
Q2. Is Ph.D. mandatory for Assistant Professor as per UGC Guidelines? + Ph.D. qualification for appointment as an Assistant Professor is optional from July 1, 2023.
Q3. Is UGC NET exam compulsory for Assistant Professor Posts? + Yes, it's mandatory and compulsory if you want to be an Assistant Professor/Lecturer across India. According to the UGC rule, only the UGC NET/CSIR NET/ICAR NET exam is the gateway or entry for becoming Assistant Professor. Ph.D. candidates are not exempted from appearing in UGC NET.
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The Latest UGC Guidelines 2024 for PhD Scholars

January 2, 2023
16 Comments

University Grants Commission (UGC) guidelines 2024

The University Grants Commission (UGC) has released the guidelines for PhD scholars in 2024 to ensure that the students are eligible for PhD program. The main objective of these guidelines is to ensure that students get suitable opportunities and facilities to pursue their doctoral studies in a smooth and seamless manner. Let’s delve deeper to understand the crucial aspects of latest UGC guidelines of 2024.

Table Of Content

Eligibility criteria, ugc-net exam registration, ugc-net exam application form, course duration, eligibility category for ugc net qualified candidates, seats eligible for approval by university grants commission (ugc), rule mandated phd for scholars, notice for undergraduates, frequently asked questions.

A student must have completed a four-year bachelor’s degree program in any subject with at least 75 per cent marks in aggregate or equivalent grade. A relaxation of 55 marks is also provided to the special category like SC, ST, OBC (non-creamy layer), economically weaker sections differently abled and others below the poverty line.
From 2024-2025 session The National Eligibility Test (NET) scores will be used for PhD admissions to reduce the need for separate entrance tests conducted by numerous universities and higher education institutions, as per the University Grants Commission.
The NET exam is taken twice a year i.e. in June and December. The scores are currently used to award Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) as per the general eligibility for appointment as an assistant professor for those who have a master’s degree.
The eligibility criteria also include , having passed all final year examinations as prescribed by the University Grants Commission (UGC). This consists of all examinations from first to fourth years including practical, internal assessments and thesis defense.
Having cleared the entrance test for admission into Ph D courses at this institute or any other university affiliated to the University Grants Commission

The UGC-NET Exam registration will start on the 10th of May. All aspiring candidates can register from 10 th May. Following are the necessary registration steps:

Navigate to the Homepage: Go to the official website of the UGC-NET exam.
Find the Notification: Search for the notification that mentions the “Apply Online” link for the UGC-NET exam.
Click on the Link: Click on the “Apply Online” link to start the registration process.
Register as a New User:
Enter your name, email address, mobile number, and date of birth.
Create a strong password for your account.
Choose a Security Question:
Choose a security question and provide a suitable answer. This will be used for account recovery purposes.
Complete Registration:
After entering all the major details, submit the registration form.
Save the credentials (username and password) generated during registration for future use.
Once registered, log in using the credentials you created.
Make sure to save your login details for future reference.

By following these crucial steps, you should be able to register as a new user and access the UGC NET exam application form .

When the UGC NET application form begins, you can apply for it online.

Login in with your account with your crucial credentials on the official website of the National Testing Agency (NTA) or the UGC-NET portal.
Carefully read the necessary instructions provided to fill in the required details such as personal information, education qualifications etc.
Check up for all the crucial details carefully and upload the required document. Make sure to upload in the necessary format.
Then significantly upload scanned copies of passport-sized photographs and signatures as per the given format and size from the University Grant Commision.
With utmost attention and guidelines carefully review the application.

The minimum course duration is three years and two years for all regular courses offered at the undergraduate, postgraduate and research levels. This new rule was implemented to ensure that students can complete a program in a reasonable time frame.
There will be no changes to what is considered as an extension of a regular course except for those who have taken up an internship or placement program that extends beyond six months in duration.

Qualified candidates for UGC NET

Those eligible for PhD admission with JRF and assistant with JRF and assistant professor appointment
Those eligible for PhD admission without JRF but for assistant professor appointment
Those only available for PhD program admission

The number of seats eligible for approval by UGC in all PG courses should be at least 50% of the total seats available.

UGC Guidelines 2023 will have diverse options for students choosing Distance Learning (Especially for women). These include:

Self-financing mode (i) where a student pays for the course fee directly;

(ii) where a student pays for the course fee through their own resources or through some other form of financial assistance such as scholarships and grants etc.;

The University Grants Commission (UGC) has mandated PhD scholars to publish at least one research paper in a UGC refereed/peer-reviewed journal before the submission of the dissertation/thesis for adjudication.

In case you are wondering, this rule applies only to PhD scholars who have completed their PhD degree from government funded universities or colleges and wish to apply for fellowship under the UGC scheme.

For Undergraduate courses, a student can pursue two degrees simultaneously. A student who has already acquired an undergraduate degree in any subject area and wishes to pursue another one must first obtain approval from the respective varsity. The admission process for this purpose will be considered as per existing rules and regulations. However, if the applicant does not have any such previous qualification/training and is seeking admission into another course with a different subject but having equal weightage (weightage = total marks), then he/she should apply through proper channels only after clearing all requirements like qualifying test etc..

The UGC Guidelines 2024 is going to help students by providing a diverse range of options for aspiring scholars to pursue higher education. The new guidelines are expected to have a huge impact on the aspiring candidates as it will provide golden opportunities for those who want to pursue PhDs without having to worry about completing their bachelor’s degrees in the first instance. So , read each detail carefully with utmost attention in order to pursue your Phd dream to soar high in the sky.

The UGC guidelines are the university’s guidelines on how to run a university. These guidelines are meant to ensure that universities run efficiently, and they also set out the expectations of teachers and students alike. The UGC also offers guidance when it comes to academic freedom, teaching content and values, research objectives and methodology, curriculum development, student assessment methods, and other areas related to higher education.

You can check your university’s UGC website to see whether it has followed the guidelines correctly or not. If you feel that there has been a mistake in any area mentioned above or if you want more information about how your university uses its resources for its students then you should contact them directly as soon as possible so that they can help resolve any issues which may arise from their use of these guidelines.

No, you cannot. The UGC guidelines are meant to be a resource for PhD scholars, so you must use images that are readily available and free of copyright. You may not use copyrighted images without permission from the copyright holder.

The UGC was established in 1957 and has been entrusted with the task of developing, coordinating and monitoring higher education in the country. UGC awards various grants for research, development, staff training, supporting infrastructure and administration. The UGC is updated on an annual basis and is currently in circulation. It is fully called – University Grants Commission.

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Send your query, 16 thoughts on “the latest ugc guidelines 2024 for phd scholars”.

Before how many years of retirement can I be ph.d supervisor?

There is no specific number of years before retirement that would prevent someone from being a PhD supervisor. As long as an individual meets the qualifications and criteria set by their institution or academic department, they may continue to serve as a PhD supervisor until they retire. However, retirement policies and regulations vary between institutions and countries, so it is best to check with your institution to determine any specific requirements or limitations on PhD supervision.

I have completed M.A. in psychology from IGNOU obtaining 62% marks in aggregate and I am preparing for MPHIL entrance in clinical psychology. But, at this moment, I learnt that MPHIL has been delared unrecognised from the academic year 2023-24. I shall be obliged if you kindly advise about my future course of education

Hlo, I have compleated my course work in 2020 but unable to continue my phd. So if now i want to do my phd do i have to do course work again or my old course work certificate is sufficient for same or different university….

Hello! If you completed your coursework for a Ph.D. program in 2020 but were unable to continue, whether you need to redo your coursework or not will depend on several factors.

University Policy: Some institutions may accept your previous coursework and allow you to continue where you left off, while others may require you to retake the coursework or demonstrate proficiency in the subject matter through an examination. Time Limit: Some universities have a time limit for completing coursework, after which you may be required to retake the courses. Course Equivalence: If you are applying to a different university, they might assess the equivalency of your previous coursework with their own program. They may require you to submit syllabi, course descriptions, or other supporting documents to determine if your previous coursework meets their requirements. To get accurate information, I recommend reaching out to the admissions office or the graduate program coordinator of the university where you intend to pursue your Ph.D.

They will provide you with the specific requirements and guidelines for transferring or using your previous coursework.

Keep in mind that there might be additional requirements for admission to a Ph.D. program, such as standardized tests letters of recommendation, research proposals, and interviews. Make sure to inquire about those as well.

Good luck with your Ph.D. Journey! If you’re stuck in between anything, we might be able to help you’ so feel free to reach out.

Hello…I have done regular B.Sc Hons(3 years) and then online Masters(distance Education)…am I eligible for PhD?

Whether you are eligible for a Ph.D. program depends on the specific requirements of the institution and program you are interested in. In many cases, a regular B.Sc. (Hons) degree followed by an online master’s degree obtained through distance education can be considered for Ph.D. admission. However, it is crucial to consider the recognition and accreditation of the institution that awarded your degrees. The accreditation of the university or institution adds credibility to your qualifications. Additionally, your academic performance during both your undergraduate and master’s degrees will be evaluated. Most Ph.D. programs have minimum score requirements or equivalent academic performance criteria. To determine your eligibility, it is essential to review the specific requirements of the Ph.D. program you wish to apply to.

I done my bsc computer science ,later i done mca . Then i started my carrier in ngo as social work.now i want to do phd in social work. Can i do as per my experience?

Absolutely, your background in computer science, followed by an MCA, and your experience in social work within an NGO can provide a unique perspective for pursuing a Ph.D. in social work. While your academic journey might seem different from a traditional path, your real-world experience and interdisciplinary approach can be valuable assets in the field of social work research.

Many universities value diverse experiences and backgrounds in their Ph.D. candidates. When applying, make sure to highlight how your previous education and work in the NGO have prepared you for research in social work, and how your technical skills could potentially contribute to innovative approaches in the field.

Keep in mind that admission requirements can vary among institutions, so research thoroughly and communicate with potential advisors or departments to discuss your qualifications and aspirations. Your experience could indeed make you a strong candidate for a Ph.D. program in social work.

when a contract or honorary professor is eligible to guide a Ph.D scholar up to 70 years even after his/her retirement why not an Adjunct Faculty/Professor?

The eligibility criteria for guiding Ph.D. scholars can vary depending on institutional policies and academic standards. While some institutions allow retired contract or honorary professors to continue guiding due to their extensive experience and contributions, others might have different policies for adjunct faculty members. It’s important to note that the decision to allow individuals to guide Ph.D. scholars after retirement or as adjunct faculty can be influenced by factors such as their active involvement in research, the relevance of their expertise, and the institution’s guidelines.

I did Btech in Biotechnology with 61% marks and MBA in marketing via distance learning. I do have more than 8 years of work experience in healthcare industry.

Am I eligible for PhD in biotechnology or lifescience?

Eligibility for a PhD program can vary depending on the institution and its specific requirements. With your B.Tech in Biotechnology, work experience in the healthcare industry, and an MBA in marketing, you might be eligible for a PhD program in biotechnology or life sciences. However, it’s best to research specific universities and their admission criteria to determine if you meet their requirements. Your work experience could potentially strengthen your application, even if your academic background isn’t a perfect match. It’s advisable to reach out to the universities you’re interested in to get accurate information about eligibility and the application process.

I have completed my course work then get a government job in between research work during final year and final semester of PhD. I acquire job simultaneously n did my thesis as well. So can you tell me is it correct to do PhD plus job.

when your phd duration count, from your registration or after your RDC or DRC. and what time is exact required in doing phd.

I have cleared my NET in NOV 22 and gave my pre PHD topic presentation on Dec 23 when called by university. My college did not started our PHD as we are 12 candidates and only one guide is available. My query is till how many years the NET score is valid? Also suggest how to opt for external guide. Thanks

UGC notifies new regulations on PhD degrees, here's what has changed

The ugc has announced new norms for phd degrees that include significant modifications to the qualifications for admission, the application process, and the evaluation procedures.

education, students, books, studying, exams

Students who have completed a four-year

UGC committee to grant 'degree' status to several new courses: Report

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First Published: Nov 10 2022 | 10:37 PM IST

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UGC amends rules for PhD admissions

The ugc has declared that beginning with the academic year 2024-25, phd students will be given admission based on their national eligibility test (net) scores.

In a landmark decision made by the University Grants Commission (UGC), aspirants for PhD admission will not be required to take university entrance exams.

Students with the highest NET scores will be placed in Category 1. They will also be eligible for the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF), an assistant professorship, and PhD admission and fellowship. (REPRESENTATIVE PHOTO)

The UGC has declared that beginning with the academic year 2024-25, PhD students will be given admission based on their National Eligibility Test (NET) scores.

The UGC Council approved new guidelines for PhD admissions under the National Education Policy (NEP)-2020. According to these guidelines, NET qualifiers will be eligible for three categories. Students with the highest NET scores will be placed in Category 1.

They will also be eligible for the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF), an assistant professorship, and PhD admission and fellowship.

They would have to give an interview for PhD admission, which will be based on UGC regulations 2022.

Following that, students with the highest percentage will be placed in the second group. These students will be considered for assistant professorship and PhD admissions.

Students who pass the exam but with a lower percentage will be placed in category 3. The candidate’s rank will be included in the final result certificate.

“For PhD admission, the net percentage of candidates in categories 2 and 3 will be considered for 70% weightage, while the interview will be weighted at 30%. The NET score in both categories will be valid for one year only, and if they do not participate in the PhD programme within that time frame, they will be ineligible for it. According to the circular released by UGC on Thursday, the candidate would have to retake the NET examination.

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File photo of the UGC building in New Delhi | Manisha Mondal | ThePrint

New Delhi: Academicians are wary of the University Grants Commission (UGC)’s latest regulation which says that students who have completed a four-year undergraduate course can now directly pursue a doctoral degree. Academics say these students will have no research experience and will be lost in the first few years of their study.

Another argument raised by academicians was that the implementation of the four-year undergraduate programme, as devised under the National Education Policy (NEP), has not been brought into effect in all universities. Since this undergraduation is a prerequisite for a direct entry into the PhD program, current students will have to continue to pursue a Master’s degree to be eligible for the same.

Rohit, Assistant Professor at the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), said that in the Indian higher education system, every programme has served a purpose. The bachelors course introduces the student to a subject, master’s offers a specialisation, an M.Phil degree gives them an interim training to conduct research and then ultimately the PhD helps them establish themselves as a subject matter expert. The latest regulations disrupt this structure.

He said “It does seem like the UGC is trying to emulate the American system of an integrated PhD but it stands to do more damage than good. Without specialised knowledge in a discipline, no student can write a doctoral research paper, be it a humanities or a sciences student.”

Adding that the move will discourage students from joining doctoral programs, he argued “At JNU we have seen the academic rigour of students improve with time and degrees. Students who have not had excellent education in their undergraduate degree will naturally shy away from going for a doctorate when they are not able to perform on par with their contemporaries in their graduate degree courses or masters courses itself.”

Also Read: ‘Need well-rounded professionals’ — why IITs, IIMs & IIITs are giving humanities a new thrust

Removal of M.Phil, master’s programmes

Associate Professor Debraj Mookerjee of the Ramjas College in Delhi University said the scrapping of the clause mandating students to publish research papers in journals is a positive move. However, the decision to remove the M.Phil and master’s programme will force students to spend the first couple of years of the doctoral study in learning research methodology.

He said “The bachelors and master’s programme in our country is designed in a way where students do not get to conduct any research. While the M.Phil programme gave them the space to conduct a full-fledged research, its removal will pose an issue for aspiring doctorate students. They will be forced to spend the first couple of years of their doctoral study trying to figure out the process.”

Srikanth Kondapalli, the Dean of School of International Studies and a Professor of China studies at the JNU, said that while the move seems to be a measure by the UGC to implement the NEP, there are not enough undergraduate colleges with a four-year programme.

“The scrapping of the M.Phil degree made sense since it now makes the pursuit of a doctorate degree at par with universal standards. However, at JNU, where students from all regions and strata of the society come in, the M.Phil served as a preparatory course for those students who did not have the calibre to pursue a doctoral degree.”

He added, “Since the implementation of the NEP’s four-year-long undergraduate programmes has not been brought into effect in all universities across the country, this provision stands to help tech students more.”

On removal of the need for publishing research articles in peer-reviewed publications, Prof Mookerjee said, “For the past couple of years, we have witnessed an increase in the number of bogus journals in which students would pay money to get published. This provision will put a stop to publication of poor quality research papers.”

Learning right methodology is vital

Prof Pankaj Kumar of the Allahabad University said that the UGC has made the higher education institutions a field of rigorous experimentation. Research for all doctoral students has to be an endeavour that they can achieve only if they have an academic bent of mind and have the motivation to conduct research on their own.

He said, “Students have lost the bent for research post the coming of the internet. Most of their work is a simple copy and paste. In addition to this, with the removal of courses that teach them how to conduct research, students will not be able to conduct research.”

He added that pre-doctoral courses, at par with international standards, is the need of the hour so that interested students can learn the right methodology and design to work towards their doctorate degree.

The new PhD regulations — “University Grants Commission (Minimum Standards and Procedures for Award of PhD Degree) Regulations, 2022” — says a candidate should have a minimum of 75 per cent marks in “aggregate or its equivalent grade on a point scale wherever the grading system is followed”.

If not, the student has to pursue a one-year master’s programme and score at least 55 per cent.

The rules further say “A 1-year master’s degree programme after a 4-year bachelor’s degree programme, or a 2-year master’s degree programme after a 3-year bachelor’s degree programme, or qualifications declared equivalent to the master’s degree by the corresponding statutory regulatory body, with at least 55 per cent marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed” will be required.

The UGC has removed the clause “publishing paper in a peer-reviewed journal” as mandatory for a PhD. The 2016 regulations had said that PhD scholars “must publish at least one research paper in a refereed journal and make two paper presentations in conferences/seminars before the submission of the dissertation/thesis for adjudication”.

The latest regulations by UGC have also brought in several provisions to improve the quality of research by students and aid provided by their mentors/guides. Women candidates and persons with disability will be given extra time to finish their research.

Scholars who were previously required to appear before the Research Advisory Committee to present their findings and progress once every six months will now have to do so every semester.

The new rules bars faculty members with less than three years of service left before superannuation from taking new students. While the move encourages the entry of an increased number of students into PhD programs, the previously proposed common entrance test for PhDs has been left out.

The new regulations also allow each supervisor to guide up to two international research scholars in addition to their domestic students.

(Edited by Geethalakshmi Ramanathan)

Also Read: Only 34% Indian schools have internet access, less than 50% have functional computers, shows data

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UGC latest Regulations for PhD

UGC has drafted the latest minimum standards and procedures ( UGC PhD regulations 2022 ) to award a PhD degree. These latest UGC regulations replace Regulation, 2016 and its two amendments: (1st amendment ) Regulations, 2018 dated the 27th of August 2018, and (2nd amendment) Regulations, 2018 dated 16th of October 2018.

Latest Regulation from UGC:

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PhD admission with four year Graduation degree

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University Grants Commission (Minimum Standards and Procedures for Award of PhD Degree) Regulations, 2022

Eligibility criteria for admission to the phd programme.

A 1-year/2-semester Master’s degree programme (after a 4-year undergraduate degree) with at least 55% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade ‘B’ on the UGC 10-point scale.

A 2-year/4-semester Master’s degree programme.

A candidate seeking admission after a 4-year/8-semester Bachelor’s degree in Research should have a minimum CGPA of 7.5/10.

A relaxation of 5 % marks can be granted to those belonging to SC/ST/OBC.

Duration of the PhD Programme

PhD programme shall be for a minimum duration of three years including coursework, and a maximum of six years. For more details regarding the extension, please read the complete PDF notification provided at the last of this blog post.

Procedure for admission

All Universities shall admit Ph.D. Scholars through a National Eligibility Test (NET) or National Entrance Test or an Entrance test conducted at the level of individual universities.

UGC guidelines for Ph.D. thesis submission

The Ph.D. thesis submitted by a research scholar shall be evaluated by his/her Research Supervisor and at least two external examiners, who are experts in the field.

Out of the two external examiners, one must be from out of the state in which the institution is located.

The viva voce of the research scholar to defend the thesis shall be conducted only if the evaluation report(s) of the examiner(s) on the thesis recommends acceptance. If one of the evaluation reports of the examiner in case of a Ph.D. thesis, recommends rejection, the Institution shall send the thesis to an alternate examiner out of the approved panel of examiners and the viva-voce examination shall be held only if the report of the alternate examiner is satisfactory.

UGC regulations for the award of PhD

Award of degrees to candidates registered for the Ph.D. programme on or after July 11, 2009, till the date shall be governed by the provisions of the UGC (Minimum Standards and Procedure for Award of M.Phil./Ph.D. Degree) Regulations, 2009 and 2016 and their amendments .

UGC guidelines for plagiarism

Reference :

https://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/4405511_Draft-UGC-PhD-regulations-2022.pdf

Postgraduate Medical Education Regulations 2023: A Critical Review

Rajiv mahajan.

Department of Pharmacology, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India

Shaista Saiyad

1 Department of Physiology, Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Introduction

The National Medical Commission (NMC) Gazette notified the “Postgraduate Medical Education Regulations, 2023” (PGMER-23) on December 29, 2023, which were released on the NMC website on January 4, 2024.[ 1 ] These regulations are going to replace the PGMER-2020, first time released on October 7, 2000, and amended up to May 2018.[ 2 ] Thus, new regulations for postgraduate medical training in India have been released after a gap of 23 years. For the last 3–4 years, the system has been made to run through an ad hoc mechanism of releasing circulars every now and then. During the intervening period, from May 2018 (the time when PGMER-2000 was last amended) to September 25, 2020 (the time when the NMC was established), most notifications were published for the addition of qualification as a prior requirement for different super-specialty courses. However, some major decisions were also taken by the Board of Governors in the Supersession of the Medical Council of India during this intervening period, thus bringing about a paradigm shift in postgraduate medical training in India [ Box 1 ].

Major decisions taken by the Board of Governors in the Supersession of the Medical Council of India

Issuing Gazette notification to provide 5% reservation for the candidates with benchmark disabilities in accordance with the provisions of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016[ ]

Issuing Gazette notification to redefine the teacher-to-student ratio for various postgraduate and super-specialty courses in government and nongovernment institutes[ ]

Issuing Gazette notification for mandatory training in online research methodology courses for postgraduate students[ ]

Issuing Gazette notification for mandatory training of postgraduate students at the district hospital for 3 months as DRP[ ]

DRP: District residency program

As one can well gauge from Box 1 , these decisions scripted some of the defining moments in the history of postgraduate medical training in India. Since the inception of the NMC, many advisories and public notices have been issued. Most of these were related to providing relaxation to different postgraduate batches in qualification criteria for final university examinations in the form of – relaxation in presenting paper or poster, thesis submission date or committed sample size in thesis synopsis, online research methodology course, or relaxation in the criteria for appointment of external examiners, in the wake of prevalent COVID conditions.

Draft Regulations – Chronology

After the setting up of the NMC on September 25, 2020, the release of such a consolidated document in the form of PGMER-23 was much awaited, particularly when the draft of PGMER had been placed in the public domain for scrutiny, comments, and feedback of the public on more than one occasion. A brief chronology of the issuing of drafts of PGMER and related notices from September 2020 onward is depicted in Box 2 .

Chronology of issuing of drafts of the Postgraduate Medical Education Regulations and related notices

The first draft was posted on the NMC website as “Draft Postgraduate Medical Education Regulations, 2021” on July 29, 2021, and comments were asked on this draft from the general public till August 30, 2021[ , ]

Another document, with few changes marked in red font, was posted on the NMC website on October 5, 2021, as the “Postgraduate Medical Education Regulations, 2021.”[ ] This document was peculiar in the sense that the word “draft” was not used anywhere in the title of this document (thus giving an impression as if these are PGMER-2021), but the word “draft” was present in the whole document as “watermark.” However, no notice was issued asking for comments of the general public on this document

After a gap of 2 years, the third draft in the form of the “Postgraduate Medical Education Regulations, 2023” was released on September 6, 2023, asking for comments of the general public within 10 days of publication of the draft (till September 16, 2023).[ ] The last date for seeking comments was further extended to October 5, 2023[ ]

NMC: National Medical Commission; PGMER-2023: Postgraduate Medical Education Regulations, 2023

As is evident from Box 2 , a huge amount of labor, efforts, and time has been put-in for accurate drafting, and finally, to notify such a mammoth document, as per the aspirations of different stakeholders. The NMC and particularly, the Postgraduate Medical Education Board (PGMEB) deserve thunderous applause for the same.

Whenever new regulations are notified, all stakeholders, including students, faculty, and administrators, are curious to know the changes being implemented through the new regulations. In the following sections, major changes in the chapter of ‘postgraduate training’ as cited in the PGMER-23 compared to PGMER-2000 have been discussed.

Recognition of New Programs

For the first time, the existence of Postdoctoral Certificate Courses (PDCC) and Postdoctoral Fellowship (PDF) courses has been accepted, and the duration of such courses has been documented. Furthermore, in Annexure-4 of the PGMER-23, the list of recognized PDCCs has been mentioned; however, Annexure-5, which was supposed to delineate the list of recognized PDF qualifications has been left blank. Moreover, the document is silent about the ways and means by which a super-specialist can seek admission in PDCC and PDF courses, although the admission procedure for broad-specialty and super-specialty has been documented in detail. Hopefully, more details, including the procedure and requirements, to start PDCC and PDF courses by medical institutes, will be notified in the near future.

Recognition of Mental Health of Postgraduate Students

It is heartening to note that the ongoing debate over the mental health of postgraduate students has been recognized by the NMC and the same has been reflected in the form of acceptance of reasonable working hours in a day for postgraduate students. Although the working hours have not been fixed, it has been very clearly expressed in the PGMER-23 that the postgraduate students will work for reasonable working hours and will be provided a reasonable time for rest in a day.

Academic Cell

In PGMER-2000, there was a provision for the establishment of an academic cell or curriculum committee (CC) in an institute, so as to implement the training program across all specialties. The same CC constituted for the undergraduate course under the curriculum implementation support program was doubling up the role for postgraduate courses also, in most of the institutes. Now, in PGMER-23, setting up of an academic cell has been made mandatory.

Logbooks have been used historically for maintaining records and proof of learning/training in postgraduate training. PGMER-2000 mandated the use of logbooks which needed to be checked by the faculty members imparting the training (not fixed) periodically (periodicity not defined). However, PGMER-23 has mandated to maintain a dynamic e-logbook by PG students, which should be updated on a weekly basis and must be assessed and authenticated on a monthly basis by the PG guide imparting the training. Fixing the responsibility of guides to assess the logbooks and fixing the periodicity of such assessments are welcome steps, and at the same time, the introduction of dynamic e-logbooks is going to revolutionize PG medical training in this digital era.

Poster Presentation/Paper Presentation/Research Paper

In terms of the Gazette Notification dated December 9, 2009, clause 13.9 A was added in PGMER-2000, thus requiring a PG student to present one poster, to read one paper at a national/state conference, and to present one research paper that should be published/accepted for publication/sent for publication during the period of training, to be eligible for final university examination. This means that a student has to do three research-cum-publications-oriented activities. It is a known fact that PG students mostly conduct one research-related activity – their PG thesis work, and in most of the cases, thesis work gets completed only 8–9 months before final examinations, and it is only after the completion of thesis work that students use to present posters/papers. Now, presenting the same research work as a poster and a research paper at a state/national conference (even if on different occasions) looks preposterous. Moreover, expecting a PG student to write a thesis, present a poster, present a paper, and send a paper to a journal during the last 7–8 months of the training program is like asking for a moon. Accordingly, under prevalent conditions, this whole exercise is undertaken as an eyewash, without contributing substantially to the scientific evidence. In the recently released PGMER-23, these requirements have been marked as below:

A postgraduate student of a degree course in broad specialty/super-specialty will do at least one of the following to make him/her eligible to appear in his/her final examination:

Poster presentation at a national/zonal/state conference of his/her specialty
Podium presentation at a national/zonal/state conference of his/her specialty
Have one research paper published/accepted for publication in the journal of his/her specialty as the first author .

These changes will have both pros and cons. It will be advantageous for PG students as they will now need to undertake any one of the three activities – either present a poster or a paper at a conference or publish a paper in a journal, and not all three activities. Moreover, now, PG students will be designated as the “first author” in the paper originating from their own research work and will not be at the mercy of the supervisor for the same. However, PG students have to present a paper or poster now in the conference of their own specialty. Furthermore, the research paper needs to be at least accepted for publication in the journal of their specialty. This will be a bit tricky – finding a specialty journal for so many PG students across India from one specialty will be difficult. However, at the same time, this condition is not mandatory now, and this will also enforce students and supervisors to undertake good thesis research to get the paper accepted in the specialty journal.

New Courses/Changes in Existing Courses

In addition to the ongoing “Online Course on Research Methodology” and “District Residency Program,” now, PG students are required to complete a “Course in Ethics,” including “Good Clinical Practices” and “Good Laboratory Practices” (whichever relevant), and a course in “Basic Cardiac Life Support (BCLS)” and “Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)” skills. These new courses will be conducted by the institutions, and students need to complete them during the 1 st year of training.

In the original guidelines published for the “District Residency Program” in September 2020,[ 10 ] it was the responsibility of the “Board of Governors in Supersession of Medical Council of India” to develop a transparent electronic platform to facilitate and ensure rule-based placement of PG residents to various institutions under the District Residency Program. However, in the PGMER-23,[ 1 ] no such responsibility has been owned by the NMC. Though the PGMER-23 talks about tracking the attendance and performance of District Residents by the District Residency Program Coordinator (DRPC) of the district concerned, as well as the parent Medical College through an appropriate electronic/digital or mobile-enabled system and making such monitoring systems accessible to the State/Union Territory Steering Committee and the National Coordination Cell. Moreover, it will now be mandatory for all medical institutions to submit the DRP posting details of the students to PGMEB of the NMC within 1 week of completion of the DRP. This is, again, a welcome step as it will ensure accountability and quality maintenance. However, the document is silent about the course of action to be followed in case the duty performed during DRP is marked as unsatisfactory by the DRPC – remedial measures, repeat posting, or extension of tenure – nothing is mentioned in the document.

Leaves Rules and Attendance Criteria

In PGMER-2000, no fixed number of leaves for PG students was defined. It was documented to be as per the concerned state/union territory rules and regulations. In PGMER-23, the leave period has been fixed. Now, PG students will be entitled to 20 paid casual leaves per year, five paid academic leaves per year, and one weekly holiday, along with maternity/paternity leaves as per existing government rules. This translates to the effect that every PG student is entitled to a minimum of 77 leaves/holidays in a year. Tenure is to be extended by the same number of days in case the leaves availed are in excess of the above-permitted number of leave days. Going by the wording of the document, it means that the period of training will not be extended, even if maternity/paternity leave is availed, as these are permitted leaves. In many states, maternity leave is for 6 months and can be availed for two times. Now, in a hypothetical situation, female PG students can avail 1 year of leave (over and above 77 leaves/holidays per year) without any extension in the tenure! A clarification from the NMC is certainly required. It is worth mentioning here that as per the “NMC (Compulsory Rotating Medical Internship) Regulations, 2021,” female intern students are also entitled to maternity leave as per prevailing government rules; however, in those regulations, it is specifically mentioned that the internship shall be extended if the leave of absence of any kind exceeds beyond permissible 15 days of leave (casual leaves to be specific).[ 12 ] It means that for female interns, availing any maternity leave will extend the tenure, but not for PG students.

PGMER-2000 very vaguely defined the attendance criteria. It was stipulated that PG residents shall attend not <80% of the imparted training during each academic term of 6 months. However, PGMER-23 very specifically mentioned that even in case of an extension of tenure by some days, a student shall be allowed to appear in the examination if he/she has 80% of the attendance. This means that now, cumulative attendance in the full course will be considered and not the attendance in every 6-month term. Hence, if a student avails more leaves in one term, it can be compensated by 100% attendance in the next term, and again, such a clause is beneficial for the students. However, one query will need explanation – for calculating 80% attendance, what will be the denominator used - if it will be total days of tenure of 3 years (365 × 3 = 1095 days) or days after deducting permitted leaves and holidays (77 × 3 = 231 days), that is 864 days (1095–231 = 864 days)? If total tenure is counted as a denominator, then permissible leaves and holidays of 231 days will result in attendance of <80%, rendering a student ineligible to appear in the final year examination. If a denominator of 864 days is considered, it will mean that a student will become eligible to appear in the PG final examination after attending around a total of 690 days of training (average 230 days per year). Hopefully, the NMC will issue an explanation shortly.

Role of Universities

A new chapter – Role of Universities – has been added to the PGMER. The universities, along with the medical institutes under them, have been asked to join hands with the NMC to implement appropriate curriculum, encourage self-directed learning, maintain proper records, and make efforts to maximize the use of digital technology for conducting examinations and issuance of Degrees/Diploma and other certificates in digital mode.

Examination and Evaluation Rules

Now, there can be a maximum gap of 8 months between two postgraduate final university examinations compared to 6 months as per 2000 regulations. The minimum gap of 4 months between two examinations remains the same. Although the number of examiners for the examination is the same as earlier, i.e. four – two internals and two externals, now, only one external examiner is required to be out of state. The criteria for the appointment of postgraduate examiners have also been changed. Now, to be appointed as an examiner (both internal and external), a faculty member must possess 3 years of experience as a recognized Postgraduate Guide in the concerned subject. This is in contrast to the PGMER-2000, where the internal examiner needed 3 years of experience as a PG teacher, while the external examiner needed 6 years of experience as a PG teacher. There are two changes – one, for external examiners, the criteria have been changed from 6 to 3 months; second, for both examiners, the criteria have been changed from PG teacher to PG guide. This means that even if one is a recognized PG teacher for 3 years as the PG course in the concerned department is being conducted for the last 3–4 years, but he/she is not having PG guide experience of 3 years (may be less number of PG students in the department/unit, so no PG student allotted), he/she cannot be appointed as a PG examiner (both internal and external). Hence, universities will need to be more vigilant in asking for the experience of potential external examiners, and the external examiner list will be required to be updated by the universities.

It will be interesting to check here the difference between the requirements to become a PG teacher and a PG guide. As per regulations prevalent at the time of the MCI and the Board of Governors, like – ”Minimum Qualifications for Teachers in Medical Institutions (Amendment) Regulations, 2018” and “Minimum Qualifications for Teachers in Medical Institutions (Amendment) Regulations, 2019,” a teacher used to be recognized as PG teacher with 8 years of total experience, out of which minimum 4 years should have been as an Assistant Professor.[ 13 , 14 ] Now, PG guide qualification has been defined, and a teacher can become a PG guide only after 5 years of experience as an Assistant Professor or above, as per the “Teachers Eligibility Qualifications in Medical Institutions, Regulations, 2022.”[ 15 ] As per the recently released “Minimum Standard of Requirements for Postgraduate Courses 2023 (PGMSR-2023),” if an Assistant Professor fulfills all the requirements of the PG Guide as per the teachers’ eligibility criteria, he may be allotted one PG student.[ 16 ] Hence, now, an Assistant Professor can become a PG guide and, subsequently PG examiner.

As per the PGMER-23, the theory examination (both formative and summative) may be of descriptive answer of a question type, multiple choice question (MCQ) type, or a mix of both types. This literally means that full theory paper(s) can be MCQ type. This is in stark contrast to the PGMER-2000, by which MCQ was not allowed in the postgraduate examinations. Furthermore, the first and the fourth papers have been fixed on basic medical science and recent advances, respectively.

Transparent guidelines have been issued for the evaluation of answer sheets and nothing has been left to ambiguity, as per the PGMER-23. All the answer scripts shall be evaluated by two examiners and the average of the total marks awarded by the two valuators for the paper, rounded off to the nearest whole number, shall be considered for computation of the results. If the difference between the two valuations is 15% and more of the total marks prescribed for the paper, it shall be subjected to a third valuation. The average of the best two total marks, awarded by the three evaluators for the paper, rounded off to the nearest integer (whole number), shall be considered for the final computation of the results. No revaluation is permitted once the result has been declared. All the universities imparting postgraduate courses have been asked to implement digital valuation. For the first time, 20 marks (to be added in the clinical/practical examination) have been assigned to the thesis. An external examiner from outside the state will evaluate the thesis, conduct thesis viva, and allocate marks based on the quality of the thesis and the performance of the student on its viva voce.

Requirements for Appearing in Final University Examination

Considering the PGMER-23, a PG student will need to fulfill the following requirements, to be eligible for final university examinations:

Minimum 80% attendance
Certification in “Online Course on Research Methodology”
Certification in “Course in Ethics,” including “Good Clinical Practices” and “Good Laboratory Practices” (whichever is relevant)
Certification in courses on “BCLS” and “ACLS” skills
Certification of satisfactory completion of the “District Residency Program”
Thesis submitted to the University for evaluation, 6 months before the examinations
Thesis acceptance as per norms
Any one of these research publication activities – either poster presentation or podium paper presentation in a concerned specialty conference or paper publication/acceptance in a concerned specialty journal as the first author
Any other course/requirement as mandated by the institute.

What Else Could Have Been Added?

As is evident from the above discussion, the PGMER-23 document has been released after much deliberation and discussion. However, a few more points could have been added or explained, as briefed in Box 3 .

A few areas requiring clarification/addition in the Postgraduate Medical Education Regulations-2023

The PGMER-23 are applicable from the date of its Gazette Notification, i.e., December 29, 2023; however, many criteria like – certification in the “Course on Ethics” or certification on BCLS and ACLS skills – cannot be applied for current batches. A footnote could have been added for all such rules, indicating that these will be applicable from admission batch 2023 only (please check special note at the end of this editorial)

What will happen in case of unsatisfactory completion of DRP – consequences and action there-off could have been explained in no uncertain terms

Due consideration could have been given to internal assessment by making it a qualifying criterion for the final university examination (say a minimum of 50% internal assessment mandatory to appear in the final university examination)

As per teachers’ eligibility qualification in vogue, in the departments of anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry, nonmedical graduates having M.Sc. (relevant medical) and PhD qualifications, granted by the recognized medical college/institute as a regular on-campus course in the subject concerned, can be appointed as assistant professors. Moreover, for holders of MD – PhD in medical subjects, the period spent during a PhD is now considered equivalent to a senior residency period, making them eligible for direct appointment as assistant professors in the concerned subject[ ] Under these circumstances, it would have been better if M.Sc. and PhD courses in medical colleges had been brought under the purview of NMC (as has been done for PDCC and PDF courses)

DRP: District residency program; NMC: National Medical Commission; BCLS: Basic cardiac life support; PDCC: Postdoctoral certificate courses; PDF: Postdoctoral fellowship; ACLS: Advanced cardiac life support

Wrapping Up

It is reiterated that the PGMER-23 have come into force from the date of their publication in the official gazette, i.e., December 29, 2023, and with the Gazette notification of the “PGMER-23,” the “Postgraduate Medical Education Regulations, 2000,” and “The Opening of a New or Higher Course of Study or Training (including Postgraduate Course of Study or Training) and Increase of Admission Capacity in any course of Study or Training (including a Postgraduate Course of Study or Training) Regulations, 2000,” stand repealed. However, the actions taken before the notification of the PGMER-23 based on the above-mentioned regulations of 2000 shall be protected.

Without a doubt, the PGMER-23 is a consolidated document, reflecting transparency and leaving nothing to ambiguity. Its implementation will definitely improve the standards of postgraduate training with the mandatory introduction of courses in ethics, BCLS, and ACLS, and with continued implementation of online courses in research methodology and DRP. It will also relieve the PG students of the burden of undertaking different research-publication activities in the form of presenting posters and papers and publishing a research paper; now, they can choose any one of these. Fixation of the number of leaves and provision of weekly holidays will definitely prove a step ahead in taking care of PG residents’ mental and physical exhaustion. From the faculty point of view, the experience needed to be appointed as an external examiner has been reduced to 3 years. From the administration point of view, only one external examiner needs to be arranged from outside the state. The introduction of e-logbooks and digital valuation of answer sheets are the steps echoing with the aspirations of the Government of India – for digital India. This document literally has something for everyone. In a nutshell, this document is going to create a tension-free and more productive working environment in all medical institutes for PG medical training.

Special note: During an interactive meet of NMC officials with the Principals and senior faculty members of medical institutes of North India at AIIMS, New Delhi on February 04, 2024; NMC clarified that institutes must train all the postgraduate students of batches 2021 and 2022 also in these required courses. One of the authors personally attended that interactive meet.

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DU approves new rules for PhD courses; scholars need to publish at least 2 research papers

The university will also admit students into the phd programmes through the common university entrance test (cuet-phd) conducted by the national testing agency (nta) from 2023-24 academic year..

The university will also admit students into the PhD programmes through the Common University Entrance Test (CUET-PhD) conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) from 2023-24 academic year. However, the teaching and non-teaching category serving in the university are exempted from the entrance examination. Such candidates can directly appear for the interview.

"We have introduced several amendments in the rules in the minimum standards and procedures for awarding a PhD degree. We have also introduced changes in the procedure of admission. Now all the admission into PhD will be done through CUET PhD," Prakash Singh, director of South Campus, Delhi University told PTI .

Among the amendments, there is a provision that a PhD scholars should publish at least two research papers in UGC Care listed journals before the submission of the thesis and produce evidence in the form of a letter or a reprint.

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We have asked departments to prepare a list of renowned and credible journals. The university will consider the publication of papers in these journals only," Singh said. There has been an increase in publications of not-so-known journals, he added.

"Moreover, earlier it was a rule to publish at least two papers but it was discontinued. Now it is being reintroduced again," he added. Last academic year, the DU awarded 910 PhD degrees. Previous rules reviewed by PTI say that a PhD research scholar shall publish at least "one research paper in a refereed journal before submission of the thesis and produce evidence for the same in the form of an acceptance letter or a reprint."

Singh said that now relaxation, previously offered to teaching staff, is now being offered to non-teaching staff to facilitate them in obtaining a PhD. "Along with teaching, non-teaching staff will now be permitted to attend classes and write examinations without affecting the assigned duties during office hours," he said.

Moreover, the PhD thesis submitted by a scholar will now be evaluated by his research supervisor and at least three external examiners who are experts in the field and not in employment at the university, according to another amendment approved in the Executive Council meeting. Such examiners should be academics with a good record of scholarly publications in the field, the new rules said.

"Wherever possible, one of the external examiners should be chosen from outside India. The viva-voce board shall consist of the research supervisor and at least one of the three external examiners and may be conducted online. The viva-voce shall be open to the members of the Research Advisory Committee/faculty members/research scholars and students," the new rules said. Earlier, PhD thesis submitted by a research scholar was just evaluated by three external examiners.

(With PTI Inputs)

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UGC PhD Regulations 2024 - New Guidelines for PhD Scholars

Kopal Srivastava Aug 1, 2024 2.9K Reads

A doctorate in India is for those who are passionate about deep research. These studies often lead to new discoveries or significant scientific advances. Some findings improve our understanding of the world.

क्या Online PhD valid हैं? Distance से PhD कर सकते हैं?

Others spark scientific revolutions acknowledged for decades. In this blog, we explain UGC regulations for pursuing a PhD in India. The guidelines are called UGC (Minimum Standards and Procedure for Award of Ph.D. Degree) Regulations, 2022.

They apply to :

Universities established by Central, Provincial, or State Acts
Institutions deemed to be Universities under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956

These guidelines are effective from the date as soon as they are published.To know more, you can even check the link given “REGULATIONS”

What are the Guidelines for Pursuing a PhD Program

The University Grant Commission (UGC) has decided starting in the 2024-25 academic year, that NET scores will be used for PhD admissions. This will replace the entrance exams that universities and higher education institutions used to hold. This change was announced on March 27, 2024 :

Three criteria are used to group NET scores :

Award for JRF & Assistant Professor Appointment is the first category : If you meet the requirements, you can be considered for a PhD program, you are eligible for a Junior Research Fellowship, and an Assistant Professor appointment.
Promotion to Assistant Professor and PhD Admission is the second category : The Junior Research Fellowship is not available to candidates in this category. You are still able to get a PhD and be assigned as an assistant professor, though.
PhD Admission Only is the third category : Only PhD admission is eligible for this category. It is not possible for you to be appointed as an Assistant Professor or get a Junior Research Fellowship.
Moreover, 30% of the weight for PhD admission comes from the interview and 70% comes from your NET score.
For categories 1 and 2, the NET score is valid for a year, therefore you must submit a PhD admissions application within a year of passing the UGC NET.

Who is eligible for a PhD Program?

1-Year Master’s Degree : Candidates with a 1-year divided into 2-semester Master’s degree, must have completed an undergraduate of 4 years with at least 55% marks or a 'B' grade on the UGC 10-point scale can apply to a PhD Program.Or you must have an Equivalent degree from an accredited foreign university are also accepted.
2-Year Master’s Degree : Candidates with a 2-year divided into 4-semester Master’s degree must meet the same eligibility as above.
Bachelor’s Degree : Candidates with a 4-year divided into 8-semester Bachelor’s degree are only allowed not with a 3-year bachelor’s degree for Research need a minimum CGPA of 7.5/10. Or a 75 percent mark in the graduation.

M.Phil. Candidates :

Candidates who completed the M.Phil. coursework with at least 55% marks or a 'B' grade on the UGC 10-point scale are eligible. Equivalent degrees from accredited foreign institutions are also accepted.
If the M.Phil. dissertation is evaluated and recommended for the award, candidates can be admitted to the Ph.D. program provisionally before the viva voce.

Relaxations :

Marks Relaxation : A 5% relaxation in marks (from 55% to 50%) or equivalent grade relaxation is allowed for SC/ST/OBC category, Differently-Abled, Economically Weaker Section (EWS), and other categories as per the Commission’s decision.
CGPA Relaxation : A relaxation of 0.5 in the CGPA score (to 7/10) or an equivalent grade is allowed for the same categories mentioned above.

Note : The 55% eligibility marks (or equivalent grade) and the 5% relaxation for specific categories are based only on qualifying marks without including grace marks.

Program Duration

The duration of a PhD Program is a minimum of 2 years excluding a course work and it can extend up to 6 years.
Extensions beyond six years are allowed as per the institution's rules, but not for more than two extra years.
Women and Persons with Disabilities over 40% disability can get an extra two years for their Ph.D. Women can also take up to 240 days of Maternity/Child Care Leave during their Ph.D.
For student exchanges that help complete the thesis, leave may be granted from the second year onwards
Short research trips (less than one month) need supervisor and department head approval.
Longer research missions that last more than one month need department proposals and approval from the Research Advisory Committee for work in National/International Research Labs or Centres of Excellence.

Admission Procedure of a PhD Program

Ph.D. candidates may apply to any university using the National Eligibility Test (NET), a National Admission Test, or one of their own admission exams. Universities are required to comply with notifications on common entrance exams issued by the Ministry of Education or the UGC.

Colleges and universities that provide Ph.D. programs need to :

Determine the annual number of Ph.D. candidates to accept based on the facilities and supervisors that are available.
Publicize on their website and in two national publications (one in the local language) the availability of seats, the entrance requirements, and other pertinent information.

Observe any state or federal reserve laws :

The admissions requirements must take into account state and federal reservation rules, as well as UGC and other legal requirements. A two-stage admissions process utilizing National Level Entrance Exams or comparable exams will be used.

Those who meet the requirements for the NET and JRF will occupy 60% of the seats, while those who pass the university or common admission exam will occupy 40%. Candidates from the other category may fill open seats in accordance with reservation policies and merit.
Research, analytical, understanding, and mathematical skills will all be evaluated through an entrance exam. With a 50% qualifying mark (45% for SC/ST/OBC and Differently-abled candidates, it will be held in centers that have been notified. Within a month, a Special Admission Drive will take place if the reserved seats are not filled.
Candidates will describe their research interests via interview. For applicants who pass the entrance exam, selection will be made in a 70:30 ratio; for JRF/NET candidates, selection will depend only on the interview. There will be distinct merit lists released.

The interview will evaluate :

The applicant's research proficiency of the candidate.
The capacity of the organization to fund the study.
The study topic's applicable.
Academic institutions are required to publish a list of all Ph.D. candidates, together with their name, research subject, supervisor's name, and registration date, on their website each year.

Course Work

The Ph.D. program requires a minimum of 12 credits and a maximum of 16 credits.

Coursework is a prerequisite for Ph.D. preparation. Four credits must be assigned to one or more courses on Research Methodology, covering quantitative methods, qualitative methods, 3) computer applications, research ethics, review of published research in the relevant field, and fieldwork.

All Ph.D. students must take courses in teaching, education, pedagogy, or writing related to their subject.

Other courses will be advanced-level to prepare students for their Ph.D.

Experienced researchers with original contributions can choose courses that help monetize their intellectual property.

Credits earned from coursework can be transferred between institutions through the Academic Bank of Credits.

Ph.D. students should gain 3-4 hours of teaching experience per week through assistantships or other knowledge dissemination activities.

Dissemination activities, including presentations, articles, and research, must be approved by the Research Committee.

All Ph.D. courses must meet credit hour requirements and be approved by academic bodies.

The Department, based on the Research Advisory Committee's recommendations, will prescribe courses for the scholar.

Ph.D. students must complete coursework within the first one or two semesters, with blended learning options in case of pandemics.

Candidates with an M.Phil. may be exempt from Ph.D. coursework.

Government-sponsored candidates may also be exempt if they have completed equivalent coursework.

Course grades will be assessed by the Research Advisory Committee and the Department.

Ph.D. students need at least 55% marks or an equivalent grade to continue and submit their thesis.

Evaluation and Assessment

Ph.D. candidates must begin research and prepare a draft dissertation or thesis within a response time frame specified by the university after finishing courses with the necessary grades.
Scholars are required to present their work to the Research Advisory Committee and obtain feedback from faculty members and other researchers before submitting their thesis.
It is encouraged to present research at conferences and publish it in peer-reviewed publications. Universities have the authority to establish standards and should guarantee the caliber of Ph.D. degrees.
An originality report generated by anti-plagiarism software must accompany the thesis submission. Managers need to look over this report.
Institutions need a way to identify plagiarism. A statement of originality from the student and a supervisory certificate must be submitted with the thesis.
The supervisor and two outside examiners, who are professionals not affiliated with the university, will assess the thesis. Examiners may come from outside India, but at least one must be from outside the state.
The supervisor and one or more external examiners will conduct the Interview test. The Research Advisory Committee, academic staff, research researchers, and other specialists are welcome to attend.
The applicant and supervisor are required to notify the institution if the study findings result in the possibility of intellectual property rights. It is possible to handle the thesis in private and to postpone the public defense for up to a year.
Only if the examiners approve the thesis only then will the Interview take place. An additional examiner will be consulted if one examiner rejects it. The thesis will be dismissed if the secondary examiner concurs.
After submission, the Ph.D. thesis assessment procedure should be finished in full within three months.
It is recommended for Ph.D. scholars to spend a minimum of three consecutive weeks, one to six months, working at different research institutes, including foreign ones.

PhD through Distance or Online Mode

Ph.D. programs cannot be conducted through distance education or online mode. However, candidates in service can pursue a Ph.D. as long as they meet all eligibility conditions specified in the Ph.D. regulations.

Moreover, if you want to pursue an Online PhD, you can opt for its alternative which is an Online DBA. DBA stands for Doctor of Business Administration and it is also a doctorate program and adds up a “Dr” title before your name.

There are various universities offering you an Online DBA. Some of them are mentioned below :


	INR 8,14,000
	INR 8,12,500
	INR 8,14,000

Provisional Certificate

Before the degree is officially awarded, the university will issue a provisional certificate confirming that the degree has been granted in line with UGC Regulations.

Colleges Offering a PhD In India

There are various government and private colleges offering a PhD program, Some of them are mentioned below :


Jawaharlal Nehru University	UGC NET- JRF
University of Delhi	NET/JRF
Hidayaullah National Law University	Entrance Exam, UGC NET JRF
Aligarh Muslim University	University Entrance Exam, UGC NET JRF
Mizoram University	University Entrance Exam, UGC NET JRF
North Eastern Hill University	Entrance Exam, UGC NET JRF
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham	GATE
Manipal University	PhD Manipal Entrance Test (MET)
VIT Vellore	VITREE
KIIT University	KIITEE
BITS Pilani	BITS PhD Entrance Exam
Bharathidasan University	University-Level Exam

Before directly applying to a PhD program, it is a must for you to go through all the rules and regulations by the UGC for pursuing a PhD Program. It will help you to fill in all the necessary information regarding the PhD program such as eligibility, duration, and many more.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

⭐ what are the new ugc phd regulations.

Now, candidates can pursue a PhD straight after completing a four-year undergraduate degree. Regardless of their undergraduate major, individuals can take the NET in the PhD topic of their choice; all they need is a minimum of 75% of marks in their graduation

⭐ Is a UGC NET required for a PhD?

Indeed, NET scores will be used to determine PhD admissions beginning with the 2024–2025 academic year. For a PhD, university entry tests are no longer necessary.

⭐ What is better JRF or NET?

You can work as an assistant professor at colleges and universities if you have NET. Top NET scores are given Junior Research Fellowships (JRFs), which come with stipends for research.

⭐ Can one pursue a PhD part-time and is it valid?

Part-time PhDs are recognized by UGC, yes you can obtain a part-time PhD. Your employer must provide you with a "No Objection Certificate". You have to enroll in full-time classes for a minimum of six months.

⭐ Can my PhD be published as a book?

It is possible to publish your doctoral study as a book.

⭐ Do PhD candidates receive a stipend?

Indeed, a monthly stipend is provided to PhD students to cover living expenses, research costs, and housing.

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Home » News » UGC Withdraws Mandatory Research Publication Before Ph.D. Completion

UGC Withdraws Mandatory Research Publication Before Ph.D. Completion

New Delhi, October 6, 2022, UGC Ph.D. Regulations 2022: The University Grants Commission (UGC) has withdrawn the mandatory guideline regarding research paper publication before the final submission of the Ph.D. thesis by research scholars. This decision has been made to improve the standard and quality of doctoral research. Also, the publication of a research paper is a time-consuming process, and making it compulsory to publish a research paper puts undue pressure on students.

Moreover, the students can join Ph.D. programmes upon completion of their four-year undergraduate degree. It is anticipated that there may be an increase in the number of students if they are given an option to opt for Ph.D. immediately after graduation.

UGC Ph.D. Regulations 2022 – Reasons for Withdrawal

The University Grants Commission (UGC) conducted a recent study featuring 2,573 research scholars across central universities and the Indian Institute of Technology (IITs).
Based on the research, it has been found that mandatory publication has not helped universities maintain research quality, as about 75% of the submissions are not in quality Scopus-indexed journals.

UGC Ph.D. Regulations 2022 – Expert Comments

Pertaining to UGC Ph.D. Regulations 2022, the following comments have been made by experts regarding withdrawal of mandatory guideline regarding research paper publications and allowing graduate students to pursue Ph.D.:

The Chairperson of the University Grants Commission (UGC) Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar said, “Some people erroneously think that mandatory publication of a research paper before the submission of a Ph.D. thesis decides its quality. On the contrary, high-quality Ph.D. thesis work leads to quality publications.”

Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar also said, “If the quality of research work is monitored properly, students can start writing papers well before the submission of their Ph.D. thesis. By the time the student submits the Ph.D. thesis, a couple of papers may get accepted.”
The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Hyderabad (UoH), B.J. Rao said, “India is amongst the top few nations in terms of the number of research papers we publish annually. However, the quality of work being done or the journals where these papers get published is not at par with global standards.”
B.J. Rao also said, “Imparting soft skills such as writing research papers is also a major responsibility for institutes. Research guides and committees will now be responsible to ensure that the topic of research that is chosen by scholars is unique and has the potential to get published in quality journals.”
Further, he said, “A change in mindset is needed to understand that cutting down the number of pre-PhD years will not adversely affect a scholar’s ability to do quality research. Research is an interest-driven activity, which will be enhanced if students are given the right guidance at every step.”
Uma Shanker Pandey, Research Supervisor, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Calcutta, said, “During graduation, students are given an orientation in conducting research, correct methodology, and related tools. However, now colleges will have to impart a more structured format of introducing students to their journey as a Ph.D. scholar.”

UGC Ph.D. Regulations 2022: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS)

Why has ugc withdrawn the guideline regarding mandatory research paper publication before the final submission of the ph.d. thesis by research scholars.

Under UGC Ph.D. Regulations 2022, UGC has withdrawn the guideline regarding mandatory research paper publication before the final submission of the Ph.D. thesis by research scholars to improve the quality of research publications and doctoral research. Also, the publication of a research paper is a time-consuming process, and making it mandatory to publish a research paper puts undue pressure on students.

Can students pursue a Ph.D. after graduation?

Now, the students can join Ph.D. programmes upon completion of their four-year undergraduate degree.

What is the take of UGC’s Chairperson on withdrawing the mandatory guideline regarding research paper publication before the final submission of the Ph.D. thesis by research scholars?

Centre Gives Nod to ‘Mera Yuva Bharat’ Autonomous Body for Youth Empowerment

Guide to setting goals as a student for academic success, the nobel prizes of 2023: celebrating excellence and innovation, ace board exams – mastering time management for students, skill india digital, a powerful digital application platform , times higher education (the) rankings include 91 indian varsities, iisc ranked the best in india, west bengal state education policy – key highlights, recommendations and goals, impact of new education policy on indian students, smart learning – how ai is transforming digital education, an overview of national education policy 2020, ncert – understanding ncert’s evolution and new role as a deemed-to-be-university , a comprehensive guide on potential job opportunities in state bank of india (sbi), 2 thoughts on “ugc withdraws mandatory research publication before ph.d. completion”.

P hd after MBBS should be started by the Universities in every clinical,para clinical and nonclinical subjects to enhance the research and enovation in medical field . No fee should be changed by college and every student should be given stipend .

UGC Recommendations are good and need implementation. In addition to the above Second class Master Degree holders can be taken without restricting to 55 percent as this aspect is not stated in Recommendations

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University Grants Commission revises regulations for taking up PhD programme

The university grants commission regulations, which set the minimum standards and procedure for awarding phds, have been revised according to the recommendations of national education policy.

Updated - December 03, 2022 01:35 pm IST

Published - December 01, 2022 08:29 pm IST - Bengaluru

A file photo of the University Grants Commission office.

To encourage research scholars to become well-trained researchers and inquisitive explorers, the University Grants Commission (UGC) regulations, which set the minimum standards and procedure for awarding PhDs, have been revised according to the recommendations of National Education Policy (NEP-2020).

According to the new regulations, a candidate who has completed first or second semester Master’s degree programme, after four year or eight semester Bachelor’s degree (Honours degree) can apply for the PhD programme.

A candidate who has completed two years or four semester Master’s degree programme after a three years Bachelor’s degree programme or qualifications equivalent to the Master’s degree by the corresponding statutory regulatory body, with at least 55% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed, is also eligible for PhD programme.

A candidate who has equivalent qualification from a foreign educational institution accredited by an assessment and accreditation agency, which is approved, recognised, or authorised by an authority, established or incorporated under a law in its home country or any other statutory authority in that country to assess, accredit or assure quality and standards of the educational institution, can apply for the PhD programme.

The UGC has given relaxation of 5% marks or its equivalent grade to those belonging to SCs, STs, OBCs, differently-abled, Economically Weaker Sections (EWS), and other categories candidates.

Candidates who have completed the MPhil programme with at least 55% marks in aggregate shall be eligible for admission to the PhD programme.

The PhD programme will be for a minimum of three years, including course work, and a maximum of six years from the date of admission. A maximum of an additional two years can be given through a process of re-registration as per the ordinance of the higher educational institution concerned.

However, the total period for completion of a PhD programme should not exceed eight years from the date of admission.

Further, female PhD scholars and persons with disabilities may be allowed an additional relaxation of two years. However, the total period for completion of a PhD programme in such cases should not exceed 10 years. Female PhD scholars may be provided maternity leave or child care leave for up to 240 days in the entire duration of the PhD programme.

According to the new regulations, higher educational institutions may admit students who qualify for fellowship, scholarship in UGC-NET or UGC- CSIR NET, GATE, CEED, and similar national-level tests based on an interview or entrance test conducted at the level of the institutions.

The entrance test syllabus shall consist of 50% of research methodology, and 50% shall be subjects specific.

The PhD thesis shall be evaluated by a research supervisor and at least two external examiners who are experts in the field and not in employment of the higher educational institution.

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Nfl adds rule to stop 'cheat motion,' which the rams used in 2023, share this article.

The NFL is always changing, with new plays and innovations making their way into playbooks and schemes across the league each year. One trend that emerged last season was the use of “cheat motion.”

Made popular by the Miami Dolphins, cheat motion is essentially when a player goes in motion and just before the snap, he angles toward the line of scrimmage to almost get a running start. It was used often with Tyreek Hill and became a huge advantage for the Dolphins because of his speed against a stationary defender.

The Los Angeles Rams used it a bit with Tutu Atwell and even Puka Nacua, but that sneaky trick won’t be legal anymore. It’ll in fact be cheating. According to ProFootballTalk , the NFL added a line in the rulebook to prevent teams from using cheat motion.

Here’s the key sentence, added by the NFL this year to Rule 7, Article 4, Section 2 of the official playing rules: “Any eligible backfield player who changes his stance does not have to come to a complete stop prior to the snap, as long as his actions are not abrupt (false start) or forward (illegal motion).” Per a source with knowledge of the situation, that’s directly aimed at the split-second forward movement by players in motion. The Dolphins, the 49ers, and the Rams used it last year.

The Rams didn’t use it as often as the Dolphins and 49ers, but it was part of their playbook. It was particularly useful with Atwell, who has a lot of speed and could get up the field with a running start thanks to the cheat motion. The Rams even deployed it with Nacua on running plays where he would be a blocker in the backfield.

Here’s what McVay said about it last October when asked about the use of cheat motion.

“Yeah, I’ve seen some teams do that last year. Miami dabbled with it a little bit last year as well,” he said. “There’s just a lot of different ways to try to be able to change the picture and how that elicits a certain response that can create some challenging things depending upon the principles of the defense that you’re going against whether it’s creating access, whether it’s creating new counts in terms of some of the ways that you have to match up with your match principles coverage wise, or whether it creates favorable leverage based on the different routes. We’ve dabbled with that in some different games. We did it a couple times… variations of it a couple times yesterday, you could say. Certainly, those guys in Miami have done an outstanding job of it and I’ve seen it with a lot of these teams that like to utilize and implement motion pre-snap. That just creates a little bit of conflict and you’re kind of just changing that picture just before the snap is imminent for the defense.”

Cheat motion was a little wrinkle taken from the CFL where players are allowed to run full speed toward the line of scrimmage just before the snap.

McVay agreed that cheat motion is the closest the NFL has to the CFL’s pre-snap rules, admitting it gives the offense an advantage.

“Yeah, I think those and the jet motions, they’re all variations of fast motions that are going lateral as opposed to being able to attack the line of scrimmage because of the way that our game is officiated,” he said in October. “It does establish a certain amount of momentum that’s probably the closest thing to that. There’s nothing quite like a full speed towards the line of scrimmage sprint motion that those guys can do. It really creates some leverage and some momentum for you.”

Though there is now a rule preventing cheat motion, it’ll be fascinating to see how often officials actually flag the play for being illegal.

Update: According to Jourdan Rodrigue of The Athletic , cheat motion is actually still legal. McVay said Thursday that the rule remains as-is in response to PFT’s report.

“When we’ve talked about this at the league meetings and (with) the competition committee, it’s same-as,” he said. “There might be a nuance in the way that it is written in terms of a receiver going from a two-point (stance) to a three-point (stance). Unless we’re back to the ’60s, I have not seen that.

“As far as the ways the motions pre-snap will be officiated, it’ll be same-as.”

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2024-2025 Graduate Admissions Handbook

Here is the 2024-2025 Graduate Admissions Handbook .

Baylor Graduate School

Baylor Graduate School Morrison Hall, Suite 200 One Bear Place #97264 Waco, TX 76798-7264

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Eligibility Reporting Rules Could Haunt Lions Again

Christian booher | 10 hours ago.

Lions quarterback Jared Goff talks to a referee.

Detroit Lions

The Detroit Lions endured a controversial loss to the Dallas Cowboys last season as the result of a miscommunication between players and officials as to who was reporting as an eligible receiver.

In that game, the Lions had what would've been a go-ahead two-point conversion negated by an illegal-touching penalty. On the play, it was ruled that Dan Skipper, not Taylor Decker, the receiver of the pass, reported as an eligible receiver.

After assisting with officiating recent Lions practices, NFL referee Shawn Smith said that there has been no additional training or points of emphasis made on the issue of communicating to a referee that a player is reporting as eligible.

"No, there was no discussion on that," Smith said.

Because the Lions have been crafty in situations involving reporting with an intent to confuse the defense, this could again become a factor in the future for the team. As a result, the team will have to be clear with which players are reporting as eligible.

Hip-drop tackle

Smith outlined the expectations and what the officials are looking for when it comes to the changes involving the hip-drop tackle.

"From the officiating standpoint, we want to make sure we see the clear and obvious three elements," Smith said. "We want to see the wrap, we want to see the swivel and the unweighting and then the trapping the legs. If we don't see all three of those, then we're not gonna call it."

While there are concerns about how players will adapt to the different rules involving tackling, the officials are anticipating players adjusting relatively smoothly to the changes.

"Every time we have a rule change, these players adjust," Smith explained. "They're the best in the business and they adjust. You go back to when the horse-collar was first implemented, it was, 'Oh, how are they gonna tackle from behind?' How many times have you seen a horse-collar tackle in a game? Players adjust."

The Lions have made a concerted effort on adjusting to these changes throughout their padded practices since training camp began.

"Look, the only way to avoid it is to work on tackling," Dan Campbell said. "You have to work on some of these things, tackling, because it's not fair to your guys if you don't. You just react and you're back in, 'Whatever it takes to get the guy down.' So, listen, this league has always been about adjusting. This is a new rule, our guys will adjust, and we'll be just fine."

New changes to replay assist

The NFL has made adjustments to its new replay assist system designed to help officials in 2024. Through this system, replay officials can assist those on the field with a variety of different calls, including spot of the ball and penalties.

In 2024, this system will be expanded to help with intentional grounding, roughing the passer and late-hit, out-of-bounds penalties.

Roughing-the-passer penalties are among the most controversial given the requirements of the penalty. In utilizing replay assist, Smith said that referees will be able to ensure the right call is made.

According to the league, in the case of roughing the passer, the replay official can review whether a quarterback was under duress, or if there was clear and obvious evidence that a defender did or did not make contact with the quarterback's head or neck area.

CHRISTIAN BOOHER

Sports journalist who has covered the Detroit Lions the past three NFL seasons. Christian brings expert analysis, insights and an ability to fairly assess how the team is performing in a tough NFC North division.

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Half of today’s climate change is caused by super pollutant greenhouse gases—including methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O)—that are far more potent than carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Slashing emissions of these super-pollutants is the fastest way to tackle climate change and a critical complement to reducing carbon dioxide—while creating good-paying clean energy jobs, preventing hundreds of thousands of deaths annually due to respiratory illnesses, and boosting food security.

Since Day One in office, President Biden has taken historic action to dramatically reduce U.S. and global super pollutant emissions. For example, domestically the Biden-Harris administration is implementing the November 2021 U.S. Methane Action Plan that takes a whole-of-government approach to cut consumer costs, protect workers and communities, maintain and create high-quality, union-friendly jobs, and promote U.S. innovation and manufacturing of critical new technologies essential to tackling the climate crisis.

Globally, President Biden has rallied the world to tackle methane emissions through the Global Methane Pledge to reduce global methane emissions 30 percent by 2030, and he signed the U.S. ratification of the Kigali Amendment, an international agreement to phase down super-polluting HFCs and avoid up to 0.5 °C of global warming by 2100. In total, this administration has taken actions that will reduce super pollutants by nearly 300 megatons per year domestically by 2030, equivalent to 70 million gasoline-powered cars.

Meanwhile, many Republicans in Congress continue to deny the very existence of climate change and remain committed to repealing the President’s Inflation Reduction Act—the biggest climate investment in history—which would put good-paying jobs in jeopardy and undermine the health and safety of their own constituents.

Today the Biden-Harris Administration is hosting a White House Super Pollutants Summit with U.S. officials, companies, environmental organizations, unions, philanthropies, and international partners to announce new domestic and international actions to tackle climate super pollutants and celebrate successes in reducing super pollutants to date, including:

New Efforts to Advance Detection and Reporting of Super Pollutants

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)’s Global Monitoring Lab and United Airlines announced an agreement on a pioneering collaboration that will use commercial aircraft to significantly enhance monitoring of climate pollutants, including carbon dioxide and methane, and carbon monoxide and water vapor, which will improve understanding of greenhouse gas emissions. The Cooperative Research and Development Agreement will aid in the development of a new Commercial Aircraft Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Program within the Global Monitoring Laboratory.
The State Department and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) committed to deploy 10 state-of-the-art monitoring systems to U.S. embassies and consulates to measure ozone and its precursors. The data from these sensors will be used to improve the capabilities of climate and air quality satellites and develop a new tropospheric ozone forecasting model.
Carbon Mapper – a non-profit that leads a public-private partnership—including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Planet Labs PBC, and other partners—announced the upcoming launch of the first Carbon Mapper Coalition satellite, further expanding tools to monitor methane emissions across all sectors. The Carbon Mapper Coalition satellites, which are designed to detect methane super-emitters at facility-scale from space, will build on U.S. private sector and non-profit organization detection capability with the launch of MethaneSAT by the Environmental Defense Fund earlier this year. At the Summit, the Bezos Earth Fund announced $10 million in new funding to support MethaneSAT to continue to advance satellite-based detection of methane emissions.

New Industry Leadership to Reduce Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Ascend Performance Materials , the largest producer of adipic acid in the United States, announced the installation of an additional thermal reduction unit that has virtually eliminated N2O emissions at their Florida facility.
ClimeCo , a global sustainability company and the largest developer of industrial N2O abatement projects in the United States, announced three new emissions reduction projects that will come online by early 2025 and reduce nitrous oxide emissions at the three facilities by approximately 95%.

New Initiatives to Reduce Domestic Methane Emissions

As a key part of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ’s new Clean Air Act rules to reduce methane emissions from oil and natural gas operations by nearly 80% compared to emissions without the rule, the Super Emitter Program leverages data collected by EPA-certified third-party experts using approved remote sensing technologies (such as satellites) to find large methane leaks and releases and notify owners and operators. Once notified, owners and operators must investigate to find the source of the super emitter event, report the results of that investigation to EPA, and repair any leaks or releases covered by an EPA standard. To keep the public informed, EPA will make the super-emitter data publicly available on a timely basis. EPA has begun accepting applications to become certified third-party notifiers, and is working with a number of organizations that are interested in developing applications.
EPA announced it will issue a proposed rule to update its Clean Air Act emission standards for new and existing municipal solid waste landfills in 2025 to cut and other harmful landfill gas emissions, including through incorporating new technologies that will better measure and address emissions and reduce harmful air pollution in frontline communities.

New Initiatives to Reduce Global Methane Emissions

Building on three years of international leadership on integrating methane reduction into development programming, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has formed new partnerships with nine private companies to address food loss and waste under its Food Loss and Waste Accelerator launched last year. Food loss and waste contributes 8-10 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, including highly toxic methane emissions when discarded or leftover food decomposes. USAID will work with nine businesses in Kenya, Nepal, and Tanzania over the next two years to upcycle or otherwise prevent over 85,000 metric tons of food loss through practices like innovative food processing and storage and improved post-harvest handling. This will create more than 600 jobs, at least 45 percent of which will be held by women, and brings the total number of public-private partnerships under the Accelerator to 12.
A consortium of philanthropies – represented by the High Tide Foundation – announced more than $300 million to support the Global Methane Hub , which will catalyze billions of dollars in crucial project investments and will be dedicated to reducing methane emissions across key sectors, with an emphasis on low- and middle-income countries. The Global Methane Hub was established by philanthropies alongside the launch of the Global Methane Pledge and has already helped catalyze over $10 billion in methane reducing project investments by strategically regranting $200 million to 114 grantees conducting work in 152 countries.
The UN Environment Programme’s (UNEP’s) International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) announced new participation in the Methane Alert and Response System (MARS) since its launch in December 2023. Countries representing over two-thirds of oil and gas emissions events detected by MARS in 2023 now participate in the program with nominated focal points. These focal points span the over 140 member companies of UNEP’s Oil and Gas Methane Partnership 2.0 and 15 governments of major oil and gas producing countries, which represent more than 60% of global oil and gas production.
The World Bank announced that, with $10 million in US funding, they are advancing the work of mainstreaming methane into their global development programming with a first batch of 15 country-led programs focused on reducing 10 million tons of methane from the livestock, rice, waste and sanitation sectors and benefiting over 100 million people.

Today’s new actions build on more than three years of work by the Biden-Harris administration to tackle super-pollutants at home and abroad.

Domestic highlights include:

In 2023, the Biden-Harris Administration took nearly 100 actions to dramatically reduce methane emissions under the U.S. Methane Emissions Reduction Action Plan . These actions included plugging leaks and regulating emissions in the oil and gas sector, reclaiming abandoned coal mines, reducing food waste and agricultural emissions, investing in cleaner buildings and industrial processes, and launching innovative technologies to detect and halt large methane emissions.
Yesterday, as part of $4.3 billion in Climate Pollution Reduction Grants from the Inflation Reduction Act, EPA announced several grants to reduce super pollutant emissions in states across the country, including to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to reduce industrial greenhouse gas emissions, to the Hudson Valley Regional Council to reduce fugitive methane emissions from closed landfills, and to the Colorado Energy Office to reduce methane emissions from landfills, coal mines, and natural seepage. In total, Climate Pollution Reduction Grant projects are estimated to reduce super pollutant emissions through 2030 equivalent to the annual energy use of approximately 3.5 million homes.
EPA is implementing a national program under the bipartisan American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act to achieve an 85% phasedown by 2036 of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) – potent greenhouse gases used in refrigeration, heating and cooling equipment, and other sectors. This phasedown will cumulatively achieve emissions reductions equivalent to 4.6 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2022 to 2050 – equal to approximately three years of U.S. power sector emissions at 2019 levels.
Last summer, EPA issued a final rule to implement a 40% phasedown of HFCs starting in 2024. This builds on the success of the 10% phasedown that EPA implemented for 2022 and 2023. The 2024 phasedown establishes a similar allowance methodology to provide regulatory certainty to industry and stakeholders, ensuring efficient implementation.
The Administration’s Interagency Task Force on Illegal HFC Trade continues to work diligently on robust enforcement mechanisms to ensure a level playing field for U.S. companies complying with the phasedown requirements. Since the start of the phasedown in January 2022, the Task Force has prevented illegal HFC shipments at the border equivalent to more than 1 million metric tons of carbon dioxide – more than the emissions from over 200,000 homes’ electricity use for one year.
In April 2024, PHMSA announced nearly $400 million in grants to fund 130 projects in 26 states to repair, rehabilitate, or replace gas distribution pipelines that are prone to methane leaks and ruptures and other safety hazards in predominantly underserved communities as part of President Biden’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law’s first-of-its-kind Natural Gas Distribution Infrastructure and Modernization Grant Program .
In June 2024, the White House and several federal agencies released a National Strategy for Reducing Food Loss and Waste and Recycling Organics which lays out a path for the U.S. to meet its national goal of reducing food loss and waste by 50% by 2030. Preventing food loss and waste and increasing recycling of food and other organic materials has important benefits including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, saving households and businesses money, and building cleaner, healthier communities.
In May 2024, EPA issued a final rule to strengthen, expand and update methane emissions reporting requirements for petroleum and natural gas systems under their Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program , as required by the IRA. The final revisions will ensure greater transparency and accountability for methane pollution from oil and natural gas facilities by improving the accuracy of annual emissions reporting from these operations.
In June 2024, EPA and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced the availability of $850 million in Inflation Reduction Act funding through the Methane Emissions Reduction Program to help oil and natural gas sector operators reduce methane emissions and transition to available and innovative methane emissions reduction technologies. The program also aims to improve emissions data collection and measurement at all scales (ground level, aerial, and satellite) and provide accurate, transparent data and monitoring capability to impacted communities.
In the first half of 2024, the Biden-Harris Administration has been supporting the development of measurement, modeling, and data standards for detecting methane concentrations and quantifying point source emissions through the 2023 National Strategy to Advance an Integrated U.S. Greenhouse Gas Measurement, Monitoring and Information System .

International highlights include:

At COP26 in Glasgow, alongside European Commission President von der Leyen, President Biden launched the Global Methane Pledge, which now has 157 countries committed to the global goal of reducing methane 30 percent by 2030.
At the Major Economies Forum in 2022, President Biden unveiled the Methane Finance Sprint , which catalyzed over $1 billion in new grant funding in 2023 to help developing countries reduce methane across sectors.
After the successful ratification of the Kigali Amendment, the Biden Administration worked with partners to leverage U.S. contributions to the Montreal Protocol’s Multilateral Fund to raise nearly $1 billion to support HFC phasedown and related energy efficiency measures.
Thanks to U.S. leadership in driving consensus, all parties agreed as part of the Global Stocktake outcome at COP28 to include all greenhouse gases – including super pollutants – in their 2035 Nationally Determined Contributions due in early 2025.

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COMMENTS

Don't need PhD to teach in a college: A look at UGC's changed rule to
What this meant was that candidates had a three-year window (2018-21) to complete their PhDs. UGC also directed universities and colleges to implement the new minimum criteria for recruitment from 2021. In October 2021, taking note of the disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the UGC pushed the July 2021 deadline to July 2023.
PDF University Grants Commission New Delhi 110002
contribute to new/additional knowledge in the areas of emerging concerns worldwide. 6. Allocation of Research Supervisor: Eligibility criteria to be a Research Supervisor, Co-Supervisor, Number of Ph.D. scholars permissible per Supervisor, etc. 6.1 Any regular Professor/Associate Professor of the University/ College, with at least five
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16 Comments. The University Grants Commission (UGC) has released the guidelines for PhD scholars in 2024 to ensure that the students are eligible for PhD program. The main objective of these guidelines is to ensure that students get suitable opportunities and facilities to pursue their doctoral studies in a smooth and seamless manner.
UGC New Guidelines 2023
April 7, 2023 by Anshika Garg. New Delhi, 16 November 2022, UGC New Guidelines - The University Grants Commission (UGC) has issued new eligibility criteria and made amendments to the existing regulations for PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) degrees. As per the recent guidelines, candidates must secure 75% marks in a four-year undergraduate program ...
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The minimum standards and procedure for the award of, Ph.D have been revised according to the recommendations of National Education Policy 2020 and the UGC has notified the new UGC (Minirnum Standards and Procedure for award of Ph.D.) Regulations, 2022 in the official Gazette on 7th November 2022. These new regulations are framed to encourage ...
UGC notifies new regulations on PhD degrees, here's what has changed
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April 5, 2023 by Mitali Bhattacharya. New Delhi, October 6, 2022, UGC Ph.D. Regulations 2022: The University Grants Commission (UGC) has withdrawn the mandatory guideline regarding research paper publication before the final submission of the Ph.D. thesis by research scholars. This decision has been made to improve the standard and quality of ...
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PhD not mandatory for Assistant Professors starting July; NET, SET, SLET main criteria

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UGC latest Regulations for PhD

University Grants Commission (Minimum Standards and Procedures for Award of PhD Degree) Regulations, 2022

Duration of the PhD Programme

Procedure for admission

UGC guidelines for Ph.D. thesis submission

UGC regulations for the award of PhD

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Postgraduate Medical Education Regulations 2023: A Critical Review

Shaista Saiyad

Introduction

Draft Regulations – Chronology

Recognition of New Programs

Recognition of Mental Health of Postgraduate Students

Academic Cell

Poster Presentation/Paper Presentation/Research Paper

New Courses/Changes in Existing Courses

Leaves Rules and Attendance Criteria

Role of Universities

Examination and Evaluation Rules

Requirements for Appearing in Final University Examination

What Else Could Have Been Added?

Wrapping Up

DU approves new rules for PhD courses; scholars need to publish at least 2 research papers

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UGC PhD Regulations 2024 - New Guidelines for PhD Scholars

What are the Guidelines for Pursuing a PhD Program

Who is eligible for a PhD Program?

M.Phil. Candidates :

Relaxations :

Program Duration

Admission Procedure of a PhD Program

Colleges and universities that provide Ph.D. programs need to :

Observe any state or federal reserve laws :

The interview will evaluate :

Course Work

Evaluation and Assessment

PhD through Distance or Online Mode

Provisional Certificate

Colleges Offering a PhD In India

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

⭐ Is a UGC NET required for a PhD?

⭐ What is better JRF or NET?

⭐ Can one pursue a PhD part-time and is it valid?

⭐ Can my PhD be published as a book?

⭐ Do PhD candidates receive a stipend?

Every query is essential.

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